C port jackson

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- The defence vote was cut down in a most reprehensible manner ; but that is a matter with which I shall deal later. The honorable member for Bland expressed the opinion that forces on land would prove quite sufficient for the defence of the Commonwealth. Of course all these are matters of speculation, and I do not pose as a naval or military expert ; but I cannot find myself in agreement with the honorable member for Bland until a resolution has been carried that in future all naval engagements shall be fought on the Yarra. Until a determination to that effect has been arrived at, Australia must be prepared to take a part in her own defence. Our great difficulty is want of cash, and we are now asked to pay an increased subsidy. The extra £94,000 is not much, but, as I said before, the question is whether the service will be worth the expenditure. Are we prepared to establish a navy of our own ; and, if so, is there a possibility of that establishment being effective within a reasonable time ? The Prime Minister has informed us that the dreadful Braddon section in the Constitution prevents our taking up the duty of defenders of this portion of the Empire, and this means that we must fallback on the motherland. If that be the true position, then all we can do is to pay this extra £94,000. Of course, we might establish a navy like that of some of the South American Republics, and have one modern gunboat ; but I am afraid that the whole of the time of that boat would be engaged in running around Australia in the effort to guard our shores. This question of naval defence reminds one of the scare which was raised years ago in order to frighten Australia into federation. . We were then told to be aware of the Chinaman, and subsequently to be aware of the Jap, and warned that our only means of protection was federation ; but, as we know, two years afterwards . little Japan conquered great China. My own opinion is that our greatest protection lies, first of all, in our isolation, and, secondly, in open ports. There is not the slightest doubt that open ports would prove far more effective as a means of security than any expenditure on naval defence can be for many years to come. Of course, if the Prime Minister supports a policy of expansion, and assumes responsibilities in the Southern seas," there is no doubt that Australia must share those responsibilities. Great Britain is the mistress of the Southern seas, and it is our duty to assist in maintaining the Empire. There is a naval base in Sydney, and the amount we are asked to contribute to the naval subsidy is a fleabite compared with the cost to which the motherland is put in maintaining the fleet in Port Jackson. The amount of £94,000 as compared with £35,000,000 expended on Imperial defence is ridiculous ; and that we should be asked to make such a contribution may be taken as more of a compliment than anything else. As to preferential trade, recent occurrences have shown us that it does not do to go too far ahead in the march. The Empire is marching very strongly just now, and during the South African war Australia did her share, as I am sure she would do again under similar circumstances. Mr. Chamberlain has found during the last two or three days that it does not do to get too much in the van. That Minister is a- practical statesman, but he has his poetic flights, and the Australian people, while regarding him with great respect, will, like the English people, refuse to dance as puppets at his court. We recognise the work which Mr. Chamberlain has done in the consolidation of the Empire. But, at the same time, it is to be doubted whether the people will take the great jump which that gentleman now invites them to take. I notice that the Prime Minister has put preferential trade in the back part of his programme, although, when he left England and when he arrived here, that question received great attention at his hands at public meetings and in newspaper interviews. Mr. Chamberlain has found that the people of Great Britain are not prepared to pay any extra tax on their food supplies ; and certainly the masses of Australia are by no means willing to carry any further burdens. The Australian people, in cases of necessity, will carry their share of the load ; but they refuse to take a step of the kind now apparently contemplated, simply to be the toy of a statesman, however high the position he occupies. To me it appears that Mr. Chamberlain has held (out preferential trade as a bogy to foreign nations ; at any rate, it is difficult to ascertain whether he really intends or wishes such a scheme to be carried into effect, or whether he merely threw out the suggestion as a feeler. In any case, over 100 conservative members' of the Imperial Parliament, who are supporters of Mr. Chamberlain, are not taking the high responsibility usually assumed by them, but are acting, as Australian Members of Parliament would act in reference to smaller matters, and are carefully feeling the pulse of the electorates. All this tends to show that Mr. Chamberlain has gone too far ahead of the regiment. We are now marching in time to Imperial music. The Empire is not held together by mere conservative sentiments, but rather by a statesmanlike recognition of the characteristics of our own race. Personally, I do not suppose that we shall hear any more of preferential trade, which is a mere device of the protectionists. Free-traders know that an open port cultivates no desire of invasion amongst foreign powers; although that may well be the result of the erection of Tariff walls. The settlement of the federal capital site depends on the "Government. The Prime Minister says that he is tired of a local and commercial atmosphere, and desires a federal atmosphere; and if that be the feeling, I trust that the compact with New South Wales will be observed this session. Certainly, if the Government are in earnest that compact will be carried out, but if they are not in earnest, nothing that the Opposition can do will tend to an immediate settlement of the question. I am glad to see that the Prime Minister gives this matter a foremost place in the speech of His Excellency, and I trust that it may find a foremost place in legislation. In the matter of the Defence Hill, I see that some of the obnoxious provisions which were before us last year are being dropped. What blame there is in reference to this measure lies at the door of the Government, who, in the treatment of the Defence Estimates by the House, received a rebuff of which even the Prime Minister must feel ashamed. On two occasions were the Defence Estimates taken out of the hands of responsible Ministers and mutilated at the sweet will of honorable members. This is a department of great influence and importance, and yet the Estimates were thrown on to the table without explanation or defence. If the Minister had said that after close inquiry and careful consideration they were of opinion that the Estimates should be passed as submitted, there is not much doubt that the House would have voted accordingly.

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- I have heard the honorable member admit on more than one occasion that he was a socialist. I have also heard the honorable member for Barrier openly declare that the aim of the labour party of this country was pure socialism. There is nothing to be ashamed of in such a declaration. It is merely a matter of political creed. But it is quite right that we should know what is the creed of a party, because we are then able to gauge its views and to estimate how far they accord with our own. But the honorable member for West Sydney spoke as if the labour party had been called by harsh names. I admit that the old term "democratic party" was much more likely to excite admiration and to win the approval of the bulk of the people. When the labour party openly avowed themselves a body of socialists, I considered that they were taking a somewhat suicidal step in reference to future legislation, which step they would live to regret. I still hold that view. At the same time I have a sincere respect for a socialist who entertains the happy view of human nature that we can all enter into a sort of social partnership, and thus bring about a millennium upon earth. I have studied politics for thirty years, and I do not think that that condition of affairs is possible. It is only feasible to men full of imagination, full of poetic thought, who take altogether a partial and exaggerated view of the higher qualities of human nature. It is only possible to individuals who are prepared to eliminate from human nature, or rather from their conceptions of it, that particular element - self interest - which fortunately or unfortunately lies at the root of all human progress. When, therefore, I find a man avowedly declaring himself a socialist, I am disposed to think that his intellectual faculties have led him to miss one link in the chain of reasoning that is necessary to enable him to come to a sound logical conclusion. I admit that the honorable member for West Sydney said some very funny things. But he also made some unjust remarks in reference to those who do not agree with his views. It must be remembered, however, that he does not occupy quite an impartial position. We know that be is the president of a large trades union in New. South Wales, the affairs of which he has managed with very great ability'. If I were addressing a body of men whose minds were absolutely open upon this question - a condition which one can hardly expect to find in this House, because we usually have fixed opinions which are not likely to be altered by any speeches made here - I I should contend that, where a man occupies the position of president of a trades union, he cannot possibly be an impartial critic of a Bill such as this. His interests must necessarily be largely those of the union which he represents.

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rome

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- It is idiomatic. Clodius arose and pointed out that he did not care whether the other members of the party had endeavoured to join the union or not. That had nothing to do with him. What concerned him was that, being a member of a union, he did not allow them to break the common rule, and was entitled to the preference. Then the manuscript goes on to show the patriotic and friendly way in which Clodius met the question, by a prompt demonstration on the part of a body of men whom he had there. I cannot quite translate the term that is used in the manuscript, but we might use the word " push." There was a demonstration by a " push," after which peace was eventually restored. Now, instead of using the word Capadocia, honorable members may apply that story to the experiences of my honorable friend the member for Swan. He knows how impossible it would be to apply the common rule to an exploring expedition. I will take one incident from the manuscript with regard to the dairying industry, which is of great importance to the people of Australia. You, Mr. Chairman, will remember the remarkable trial df Catulus v. Coriolanus. I am using these names phonetically, out of consideration for my audience. The case, which is to be found in the records, is one in which Catulus summoned Coriolanus before the Roman Arbitration Court. . The defendant had nothing to do with Geelong, notwithstanding the similarity of his name with that of the constituency of the honorable member for Corio. It appears that the Romans had some trouble with the warlike Volscians. The attacks of these warriors gave rise to a great deal of alarm in ancient Rome. The Roman people sent to Coriolanus, asking him to come and defend them against their enemies. He came, leaving his dairy under the control of Catulus. On returning he discovered that four of his best cows were suffering from milk-fever. Honorable members can take a dairy in any part of the world, and they will 'find that the effect upon the proprietor on making a discovery of that kind is just the same. Cicero in his fifteenth philippic makes the whole matter perfectly clear. He delivered one of his greatest orations, on the occasion to which I am now referring, and he described those cows with as much detail as the honorable member for Gippsland himself could do. He described the milk halo, the escutcheon, the thin tail, the well-developed milk veins, and all the rest of it. So far as I can see from Cicero's description, the cows kept by the ancient Romans were very much like our own shorthorn cattle. They were, in fact, just like the cattle with which the honorable member for Gippsland or Illawarra has to do, and such as will be found in the south coast district of New South Wales. They were almost as good as the cattle in my own electorate. I am endeavouring to point out how important the dairying industry is to Australia, and incidentally indicating how important it was to the people of Rome. Indeed, it seems to have been more important to the people of ancient Rome than to us, because there was such a dearth of cows there that some of the most illustrious men were reared on wolves' milk. You will remember, Mr. Chairman, how Romulus and Remus are described by a poet historian - Thou "that art sprung from the war-god's loins, And hast tugged at the she wolf's breast. The case came before the Roman Arbitration Court. Catulus said that the mishap to the cows had arisen because the milking machine got out of order, and there was something wrong with the engine. He said that he had milked up to 4 o'clock, and then, being a Roman citizen, and realizing that he was under the Roman law, he had knocked off work. He would not milk a cow after 4 o'clock, no matter how much damage might be done to any other man's animal. Coriolanus granted that the facts might have been as Catulus stated them - that the machine might have got out of order, and that his servant had probably acted according to law. But his indignation at the loss of his cows was such that he assaulted Catulus. There was a remarkable finding of the Arbitration Court. In those days in Rome it - so said the Court - did not much matter whether he killed Catalus or not. That was not material, because there were plenty more like him. But the Court was astounded to find that a man like Coriolanus should, under any circumstances, have expected the man to break the laws of his country. They said further, that they would impose a penalty for not using union cows - cows that gave an intermittent supply ; cows that did not milk on Sunday. It was of no use for Coriolanus to urge that he could not get cows of that description. The plain answer to that was that if he could not he should give up dairying. He did not use that class of cow, and he was fined, the penalty being two talents. I mention this incident to show that this sort of thing has happened before. One more instance, with regard to the pastoral industry, and I shall then have finished with the historical research which it was necessary to give to the question.

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snowy river

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- I hope to show that it does not apply to all of them. The success of a municipal sewage farm is largely determined by the quality of the soil into which the sewerage matter is poured. That a well conducted sewerage farm is a source of profit is illustrated in the case of Melbourne. I saw this system worked in the old country, before I came to Australia, and worked in such a way that, instead of the sanitation of a city being a continual source of annoyance to the city corporation, by means of a properly equipped and economically managed sewerage farm, thev had made it a source of revenue, which reduced the taxation of the people. From this point of view, the sewerage farm method is, I maintain, the best and most commendable that can be adopted. On the tour to which I have alluded, we visited Delegate. Delegate is one of the sites which was submitted to the last Parliament. It is in many ways a very good site. The surrounding country is rather better than at either Bombala or Dalgety. There is more agricultural land. But the formation of the country is not of such a character as to commend it as an ideal spot for a Capital city. Further than that, the water supply would have to be secured by means of the obnoxious method of dams. I do not believe in a water supply that is secured by damming. A large city requires for human consumption a supply of pure running water,, and, from this point of view the damming of water in a large body, which sometimes becomes stagnant, is not wise or beneficial. Further than that, I calculate that the climate at Delegate would be rather warm in the summer time, judging by the latitude and the position of the site. Travelling further, we set out to Dalgety. It was rather a tedious journey. In fact, we did meet with some hardships on these Federal " picnics." as they have been called. The driver of the vehicle in which I travelled lost his way ; and had it not been that a man came to look for us with a lantern, Heaven knows where we should have got to ! I might not have been here at this moment to give my impressions as to the qualifications of the various sites. But, finally, we got to our journey's end, as determined men generally do. The following morning we were treated by the honorable and learned member for Corio to an illustration of what it is possible for a man to do in country of that description. Before we entered upon our expedition, the honorable and learned member undertook to ford the Snowy River early in the morning with bare feet. Seeing that his garments were not wet when he returned, I concluded that his feat afforded a practical illustration as to the flow of water in the river at that particular time. I do not know' whether his object was to afford such an illustration, but certainly that was the effect of his achievement. The country around Dalgety is not so good as the country at Bombala, and certainly not nearly so good as the country at Delegate. As we travelled, we encountered huge granite boulders on the surface of the soil. Thev reminded me of the kopjes in South Africa, behind which the Boers used to take shelter. Looking at the country from the stand-point of defence, I thought that it would be an ideal spot for the shelter of our troops if we ever had to encounter an enemy in the vicinity. But those granite outcrops indicated the character of the country. Granite country is not good country from an agricultural point of view. One did not, therefore, come to a favorable conclusion as to the possibilities of the soil, because the character of the soil is to a large extent indicated by its apparent composition. From the point of view of beauty, the surroundings at Dalgety were magnificent. There is a panorama on every side. It is a perfect beauty spot from an artist's stand-point. From every aspect a pleasant view meets the eye. The landscape makes the beholder almost long to live in the locality. With the Snowy River running close at hand, the site possesses many of -the most important essentials for a Federal city. When I saw it I felt that I had at last arrived at a place where I was sure that ths Federal Parliament could advantageously determine to settle. There was no stagnant dam of water there, but a constant stream, fed from the purest source, namely, the heavens and the melting snows. These are important elements in its favour. I recognise that it is necessary to establish the Federal city at a place 1 where there will be something to attract the tourist and the visitor - a place that will be a sanatorium, a place for rest and recuperation to those who live in the arid districts - a place to which persons in other parts of the continent will be inclined to travel for purposes of health and sightseeing. I quite agree, with the right honorable member for East Sydney that, we cannot live on scenery, not even on such scenery as Mount Kosciusko presents. But I would remind him that on the other hand it is not desirable that we should locate the Federal Capital at a dull place, where there is nothing whatever of interest, and nothing that would make the visitor desire to return, or long to remain. We certainly must pay regard to the element of picturesqueness. Dalgety possesses, to a very large degree, those features which would be- likely to attract visitors. Means of communication is another of the important features. Much has been made of it by the honorable member for Macquarie, who urges that because the establishment of the Federal city at Lyndhurst would not involve an expenditure of more than ^50,000 for railway connexions, honorable members should therefore select that site. But it is not a question of how many miles of railway would have to be constructed, but rather of whether, when the railway is constructed, the returns will be sufficient to pay interest and create a sinking fund. If New South Wales, or any other State, had been guided by the principle the honorable member advocates, this vast continent would not have been interlaced with railways. We have had to consider the possibilities which might accrue from their construction, and our wise predecessors in the administration of public affairs have acted in the main correctly, and largely for the benefit of the State. The lack of communication may raise to some extent a difficulty in the case of some sites as compared with others. I admit that Lyndhurst has accessibility, but I cannot admit that that should be allowed to overrule all other considerations. I cannot honestly say that Lyndhurst possesses fully any other of the features which are essential to the site for a Federal Capital. We know that railway communication could be provided from Cooma to Dalgety. It is also desired to have a through railway connexion. People from Victoria, South Australia, and other States desire to be able, to go direct to the Federal Capital, and not to be obliged to travel by a circuitous route. The connexion of that site with the Victorian railway system would involve a very large expenditure. But, in fairness to the site and its advocates, it should be said that the question to be considered is not so much the expenditure of money as the character of the country through which the railway would pass, and whether it would be an acquisition to the State and the Commonwealth when constructed. We are dealing with a matter which involves far larger issues than some men who talk very glibly about it appear to recognise. I have not gone into the details which have to be considered before one can arrive at an honest and just conclusion. The reports of this historical discussion will be read when we have passed away, and the wisdom or unwisdom of our choice will be criticised for generations to come. I do not wish my name to be linked with those who have jumped to a conclusion. There are many elements to be considered. We have to judge the sites from the standpoints of climate, soil, quantity and purity of water supply, accessibility, picturesqueness, and general adaptability. We have to consider, not only those questions, but the cost of resuming the lands, and not their intrinsic value only, but also their prospective producti

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snowy river

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I specially direct the attention of honorable members who have .had so much to say upon the necessity of centrality to the following table of distances, because they will gather from it that we have here the most central part of the settled portion of the Commonwealth : - Table of distance from Wellington railway station to Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney, and Newcastle, with proposed connexions from Cobar to Broken Hill and Wellington to Werris Creek : - The Public Works Committee of New South Wales has recently held quite a number of sittings in that district, and they have reported that if a line is constructed from Werris Creek to the western line, it will open up magnificent country in the locality of Cobbora. I am happy to be able to say that this large district is also in my electorate. The electorate covers 10,000 square miles, and though I speak with some little modesty, I may say that I think it is really the finest district in New South Wales. All the lines to which I have referred are within easy reach of these magnificent agricultural districts. Cobbora has not yet been established as an agricultural district, simply through lack of railway communication. When a railway is constructed from Werris Creek across to the western line, it will bring the land in that district under settlement. I have already referred honorable members to the yields of crops grown. I have said that last .year, in one or two cases, the yield of wheat went up 'to as much .as 60 bushels an acre, and the average yield of the district was just upon 30 bushels to the acre. Throughout this district of mine there is grown the finest grain produced in the world. The Wellington flour secured the gold medal in London, and I mention that with some pride, because, although South Australia has hitherto always been the State which has produced the finest flour, this district secured the gold medal against even South Australia. All kinds of climate may be found in that wide district of the west. After passing the Blue Mountains there is a dip from 200 to 300 feet above the sea and up again to Canobolas, or, rather, to Orange - because Canobolas has an altitude of some 5,000 feet - to 3,000 feet. There is there to be found a magnificent climate and soil, and an abundant water supply. When I am talking to honorable members who are practical men, it is unnecessary to enter upon a long dissertation upon the possibilities of water conservation in a district in some parts of which there is a rainfall of 39 inches, and rivers running in all directions. The honorable member for Eden-Monaro smiles at this, but I am not speaking of Dalgety. I admit that the Snowy River is a magnificent river, but there are possibilities in the western district to which I refer which are not to be surpassed in any other part of Australia. I have heard honorable members ascend to poetry in describing some of the suggested sites ; but when one honorable member last night, in speaking about the western district, said it has not the undulations to be found in some other parts, I could not help thinking that Washington and St. Petersburg were established in swamps, and that Amsterdam was also established in a swamp, and that the Royal palace was built upon piles. I might refer honorable members to other great cities of the world that have been built on sites which are not to be compared with any of those in New South Wales which have been brought under the notice of the Committee. I am glad to see that the Postmaster-General approves of what I am saying. The honorable gentleman knows that the garden of Australia is to be found over the Blue Mountains, and that if honorable members desire to possess a Federal Capital which will do honour to the Commonwealth, they should establish it there.

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C wide bay

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wide bay

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- It is not necessary to surrender it to anybody. The honorable member for Wide Bay has watered down his demands, for he now says he wants no other head-lines than words that appear in the speeches themselves. If I wanted an attractive head-line, I should have sufficient ingenuity to bring it into my speech. I could say, for instance, that the demand for freedom to draft their own head-lines came from " Fisher's frenzied followers," and Hansard could be asked to make a head-line of that. I could further say that the demand was opposed, not by the capitalistic section, or by the darlings of the press, but because of " Deakin's Devilry Detected." It is easy for honorable members when on their feet to be alliterative, if they so desire. The desire of some honorable members to write special head-lines of their own savours too much of the circus poster business. I agree with the honorable member for Hume and the honorable member for Wide Bay that the press only report certain people, and injure certain other members of Parliament. I believe, with them, that the electors in the far distant parts of the Commonwealth should be afforded opportunities of learning what takes place in Parliament. The way to secure that is to establish a daily Hansard, as the honor able member for Hume proposes. But let that daily Hansard be as pure as purity itself, and let it be undefiled by the interference of any Printing Committee, or Speaker, or honorable member of the House. It should be left in the hands of the Hansard staff itself, We have had experience of the chief of the staff for some years, and I must say that if all our speeches were presented to the public in the way in which they are delivered in the House, very few of us would be returned again. I occasionally read in Hansard speeches which I have never heard delivered in this House, including some of my own. The beauty of the language employed by the Hansard staff is the thing that surprises me on many occasions. I admire their literary ability. I am told that some honorable members correct their speeches, but if that is so, I cannot understand what is the matter with them. They must have vanity beyond all conception if they attempt to correct their speeches after the Hansard staff have prepared them. I do not regard this afternoon as having been wasted, for the question is a most important one, affecting the interests of all honorable members. When honorable members opposite say that we on this side are in the hands of capitalists, let me tell them that during my term of public life no purse but my own has ever paid my electioneering expenses, or the cost of circulating my speeches, and no purse but my own will ever attempt to do so. When honorable members say that we oppose the practice which has grown up becausewe are the darlings of the press, or the mere instruments of rich corporations, they are not doing justice to themselves or to the position. There are greater dangers in members being allowed to tamper with their speeches, but I certainly think the Hansard staff could brighten the reports up by breaking them into paragraphs. They might be allowed discretion to do that, but the public certainly do not require that honorable members shall be allowed to lay traps in the shape of personal and offensive head-lines. I think the thing will cure itself, because if honorable members deluge Australia with their speeches on all occasions, the public simply will not read them. I would advise honorable members to read the reply of Robert Burns, one of the most Democratic poets that ever lived, to a gentleman who sent him a paper, and informed him that it would always be sent to him free. That will be found a most apt quotation for those who desire to inflict pamphlets on the community. Honorable members will not be prevented by the amendment of the honorable member for Maribyrnong from reprinting their speeches. They will still have the cheap and ready facility of the Government Printing Office to do so;. .nor does the honorable member for Maribyrnong say that Hansard shall not be improved or paragraphed, to make it more readable, but that is the work of the Hansard staff, and you, Mr. Speaker, will be the best director in that matter in the interests of the general public, as .you know no party. If things go much further, some honorable member who has a genius for sketching may in a few years ask to be allowed to publish his own speeches with illustrations. Another may ask, ' ' Why not allow me to furnish the Government Printing Office with blocks to be published in my reprints from Hansard, showing how Deakin looked after I had dealt with him, or how Fisher looked when I followed him?" If honorable members opposite were able to announce to the public, " The honorable member for Dalley has been engaged to supply us with a few comic sketches which will appear in the next reprint of our speeches," I am sure that their pamphlets would be far more widely read than they are. We now find honorable members opposite gradually drifting away from their original contention, that crossheadings should be permitted, and simply urging that Hansard should be made more readable. I shall support the amendment moved by the honorable member for Maribyrnong.

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molonglo river

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- I do not know what he claims to be, but he is a recognised authority on the question. His words were - Canberra is distinctly inferior to Dalgety under this heading. ±t has no water frontage except the Molonglo River, which is almost dry in summer. It might be possible to conserve water in the Molonglo River by artificial means, though even then the inflow would cease in the summer. There could not be any large expanse of water for boating, &c, without immense expenditure. Iii concluding his report, he says - I have no hesitation in recording my opinion that as a site for the Seat of Government of the Commonwealth Dalgety is far superior to Canberra. In regard to the healthy climate of Dalgety, let me quote the words used By Sir joseph Carruthers at a banquet recently held there - He noticed his old friend Mr. Harnett, " the man from Snowy River," whom he had seen in Parliament for 25 years past. (Applause.) He thought that the way Mr. Harnett used to recite that poem instilled him with a desire "to come to the "roof of Australia," and see the old place where they bred the men from the Snowy River. (Applause.) Then there was his old friend, Mr. Merrett, who with a bottle of wine christened a peak which would for all time bear the speaker's name. (Applause.) He contrasted the life of the man on the land, its freedom, and contact with the bracing atmosphere, with that of the dweller in the city, and expressed the belief that there was no part of Australia that had such a splendid climate as Monaro; and not only for crops, but children. The honorable member for Lang claimed that- New South Wales had had to pay a great penalty for entering the Federation, and made the startling statement that the Protective Tariff of the Commonwealth had been the means of reducing the purchasing power of a sovereign in Sydney to 14s. I shall show by a statement recently made by the Minister of Defence regarding Federation that that is not correct.

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snowy river

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- I do not know what he claims to be, but he is a recognised authority on the question. His words were - Canberra is distinctly inferior to Dalgety under this heading. ±t has no water frontage except the Molonglo River, which is almost dry in summer. It might be possible to conserve water in the Molonglo River by artificial means, though even then the inflow would cease in the summer. There could not be any large expanse of water for boating, &c, without immense expenditure. Iii concluding his report, he says - I have no hesitation in recording my opinion that as a site for the Seat of Government of the Commonwealth Dalgety is far superior to Canberra. In regard to the healthy climate of Dalgety, let me quote the words used By Sir joseph Carruthers at a banquet recently held there - He noticed his old friend Mr. Harnett, " the man from Snowy River," whom he had seen in Parliament for 25 years past. (Applause.) He thought that the way Mr. Harnett used to recite that poem instilled him with a desire "to come to the "roof of Australia," and see the old place where they bred the men from the Snowy River. (Applause.) Then there was his old friend, Mr. Merrett, who with a bottle of wine christened a peak which would for all time bear the speaker's name. (Applause.) He contrasted the life of the man on the land, its freedom, and contact with the bracing atmosphere, with that of the dweller in the city, and expressed the belief that there was no part of Australia that had such a splendid climate as Monaro; and not only for crops, but children. The honorable member for Lang claimed that- New South Wales had had to pay a great penalty for entering the Federation, and made the startling statement that the Protective Tariff of the Commonwealth had been the means of reducing the purchasing power of a sovereign in Sydney to 14s. I shall show by a statement recently made by the Minister of Defence regarding Federation that that is not correct.

Sources

C port darwin

Placename

port darwin

Type

Other

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46.0

para

- When we call attention to the enormous expenditure, involved, and make out a strong case from the fact that the operations of South Australia in connexion with the Territory have been unremunerative for the last thirty or forty years, we are referred to the national aspect of the question. When we show that the railway from Oodnadatta to Pine Creek is likely from the -experience of the past to be an expensive white elephant, and will fail to bring about what we desire in the development of the country, we are told that this is a national undertaking; and that we do not take the national view of the question that it is our duty to develop the Northern Territory and strengthen what has been called the " Achilles' heel " of Australia. We hear a lot of poetry recited by representatives of South Australia, but when we point to the cost and almost uselessness of the undertaking, we are reproached as anti-nationalists, as if it were not one of the first duties of a representative of the Commonwealth to inquire the reason for every pound of expenditure called for, and whether it will effect the purpose we desire to attain. If I thought that the putting of £4,000,000 or £5,000,000 of Commonwealth money into the Northern Territory, under the hard-and-fast conditions laid down in this Bill, would be the most effective way in which to realize the desire of the Commonwealth in connexion with it, I should have no objection to the proposal. But I say that the attitude assumed by the Government fetters honorable senators and prevents them from considering the matter from that national point of view. . But even if we expend £3,000,000, £4,000,000 or .£5,000,000 upon the construction of the transcontinental railway from Port Darwin to Port Augusta, we shall be very little nearer the goal which we have in view.

Sources

C ultima thule

Placename

ultima thule

Type

Other

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792.0

para

- I do not think so. Ministers agree that men are more essential for the defence of the country than are money or armaments. Armaments are of no use unless we have men behind them. The men, too, must be patriotic. The patriot is stronger in war than is the man who is.devoid of patriotism. We cannot expect to breed patriotic Australians in the slums and sweated dens of our great cities. We should depend for our defence on the strong manhood and womanhood which we can only expect if our people are settled under healthy conditions. We do not wish to have repeated in Australia the conditions which, in the Old World, drove some of our fathers out here. I come from the sturdy race occupying the north of Great Britain. My forefathers were driven out of the country of their birth to the Ultima Thule of the north, and from there to this sunny land of Australia, not merely because of the exactions of their landlords in getting the last penny of rent from them, but because their landlords insisted that they should think politically as they- the landlords - thought, which they refused to do. I am not going to 'remain idle and watch conditions being reproduced here which, if they do not drive me away, may drive my children out of this country. The forces opposed to this legislation are the forces which were behind the conditions which drove my people out of the Old Country. Honorable members will not find me fighting in those ranks, but in the ranks which stand for liberty, the right to think', and to make the best of the life given us by the Creator. We do not desire that in this country there should be produced the conditions described by the national poet of Scotland when he wrote- See yonder poor, o'erlaboured wight, So abject, mean, and vile, Who begs a brother of the earth To give him leave to toil. And see his lordly fellow-worm, The poor petition spurn, Unmindful, though a weeping wife And helpless offspring mourn.

Sources

C rome

Placename

rome

Type

Other

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793.0

para

Those who suggest that if the Labour party had the power it would nationalize industries right and left are either misleading themselves or the public. We shall have to proceed slowly, and on safe lines, and to bring any monopoly to its knees, must so conduct our business as to supply the public with goods at reasonable rates. In my opinion, State .enterprises should be self-supporting. No doubt, some day, Communism may come about. In some cases, even now, it is found more convenient, instead of charging each householder for the quantity of water he uses, to levy a general rate on the community, and this system may be extended to the supply of other things. Indeed, at Rome, because of the high price charged by the bakers, it is suggested that the municipality should supply bread. In Sydney, one man fixes the price of butter, and elsewhere there is a bread trust. Any man who undertakes to drive a baker's cart must sign an agreement not to start in business in the district within two years after leaving his employment, while the bakers have agreed among themselves to charge so much per loaf, the millers refusing to supply those who charge less than the stipulated price. These are every-day facts in Australia. If the Parliament were to use at once the supreme powers for which we are asking, it would soon find that many industries are not yet ripe for nationalizing- Honorable members have asked what is a monopoly. I would define a monopoly as a business whose directors have succeeded in eliminating competition, and when that happens, the Federal Parliament, or the State, or the municipality, should interfere. But if we undertook enterprises without due consideration and the application of strict business methods, we shall lose ground, and private enterprise will be given a longer lease of life. There is one important fact upon which I desire to lay great stress. lt is well known that certain capacities are often inherited, and, when cultivated, their possessors acquire pre-eminence in some walk of fife. Thus we have born musicians, born artists, born poets, born inventors, and born farmers. Mr. Farrar, who produced the Federation wheat, was a born farmer, whose work was of great service to his race. The born inventor, too, can be of great use to the community. The born financier, however, does nothing except for himself. The millionaire, Mr. Patten, who recently retired after a successful corner of the cotton market, having made £4,000,000, said that he owed his fortune to strict attention to the rule of arithmetic that two and two make four, but he rendered no such services to humanity as those of the late Mr. Farrar. The ambition of a man like Pierpont Morgan is not to distribute wealth, but to control it. He, I understand, possesses about £200,000,000. If any honorable member were to earn £I,000: a year, and save every penny of it, it would take him a thousand years, if he lived so long, to amass ,£1,000,000. Yet Pierpont Morgan within a brief lifetime has amassed £200,000,000. There is something wrong with our political economy when it makes such a thing possible. I wish, in conclusion, to quote a short passage from Ruskin, who has in eloquent, keen, and analytical language described the people who become rich and those who remain poor - In a community regulated only by the laws of demand and supply, but protected from open violence, the persons who become rich are, generally speaking, industrious, resolute, proud, covetous, prompt, methodical, sensible, unimaginative, insensitive, and ignorant; the persons who remain poor are the entirely foolish, the entirely wise, the idle, the reckless, the humble, the thoughtful, the dull, the imaginative, the sensitive, the well-informed, the improvident, the irregularly and impulsively wicked, the clumsy knave, the open thief, and the entirely merciful, just, and godly perso*. Under our system it is possible for the covetous, unimaginative, and ignorant person to become rich, and for the entirely merciful, just, and godly person to remain poor. As intelligent legislators it is our duty to try to remedy that state of affairs, and the great national Labour party offer the people of Australia the Bills now before us as a remedy. I sincerely hope that they will be carried.

Sources

C powell's creek

Placename

powell's creek

Type

Other

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790.0

para

I understand it to be your opinion that the Government should turn their attention for the development of the Northern Territory to deep sinking in connexion with the mines? - Yes. I understand you to be of opinion, from your long experience and residence in the country, that we can depend upon the mining and pastoral industry to push the Northern Territory along? - Yes. You do not seem to have a very high opinion of the Northern Territory for tropical agriculture? - Under existing conditions it has not been proven that we have the land there, and I consider I am not in a position to state whether the land is capable to the extent that has been suggested or not. White ants are a source of great trouble? - Yes. Mr. Holtze says in the Government Resident's report : -..... " The white ants have proved very destructive to the orange trees." Then the Honorable John Langdon Parsons was asked this question - What about the land on the banks of the rivers? To which he replied - There are no large rivers in the immediate neighbourhood of Palmerston. You must go either 50 miles eastward to the Adelaide, or a hundred miles westward to the Daly. Before we can settle population in the Northern Territory, we must find good land to put it on, and it is obvious that there is none within a great distance of Palmerston. I have already mentioned the curious and condemnatory fact that South Australian Ministers of Agriculture who have administered the Northern Territory, and thus have had every opportunity to make themselves acquainted with its great possibilities, have gone to Queensland to select land for their sons. Why should they not go to the Territory described in that romantic pamphlet Territoria, and take up some of the good land which the poets who compiled the work say will provide room for 1,000,000 farmers, and produce not less than 400,000,000 bushels of wheat annually ? Could one expect such a statement in a pamphlet put before the House to influence honorable members? We are told that between Powell's Creek and the Katherine River 1,000,000 white farmers could easily be placed, if it could be proved that wheat could be grown there. They say that by the expenditure of a few thousand pounds it could be proved whether wheat could be grown there, in which event 1,000,000 farmers could produce 400,000,000 bushels per annum. To show the extravagance of that statement, let me draw attention to the fact that the wheat production of South Australia in 1908-9 was only 19,397,672 bushels, and its production for nine years 126,996,987 bushels, notwithstanding that the wheat farmers of South Australia are the second best in the Commonwealth. A curious fact in connexion with the illustrations of Territoria was discovered by Senator Millen.

Sources

C katherine river

Placename

katherine river

Type

Other

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790.0

para

I understand it to be your opinion that the Government should turn their attention for the development of the Northern Territory to deep sinking in connexion with the mines? - Yes. I understand you to be of opinion, from your long experience and residence in the country, that we can depend upon the mining and pastoral industry to push the Northern Territory along? - Yes. You do not seem to have a very high opinion of the Northern Territory for tropical agriculture? - Under existing conditions it has not been proven that we have the land there, and I consider I am not in a position to state whether the land is capable to the extent that has been suggested or not. White ants are a source of great trouble? - Yes. Mr. Holtze says in the Government Resident's report : -..... " The white ants have proved very destructive to the orange trees." Then the Honorable John Langdon Parsons was asked this question - What about the land on the banks of the rivers? To which he replied - There are no large rivers in the immediate neighbourhood of Palmerston. You must go either 50 miles eastward to the Adelaide, or a hundred miles westward to the Daly. Before we can settle population in the Northern Territory, we must find good land to put it on, and it is obvious that there is none within a great distance of Palmerston. I have already mentioned the curious and condemnatory fact that South Australian Ministers of Agriculture who have administered the Northern Territory, and thus have had every opportunity to make themselves acquainted with its great possibilities, have gone to Queensland to select land for their sons. Why should they not go to the Territory described in that romantic pamphlet Territoria, and take up some of the good land which the poets who compiled the work say will provide room for 1,000,000 farmers, and produce not less than 400,000,000 bushels of wheat annually ? Could one expect such a statement in a pamphlet put before the House to influence honorable members? We are told that between Powell's Creek and the Katherine River 1,000,000 white farmers could easily be placed, if it could be proved that wheat could be grown there. They say that by the expenditure of a few thousand pounds it could be proved whether wheat could be grown there, in which event 1,000,000 farmers could produce 400,000,000 bushels per annum. To show the extravagance of that statement, let me draw attention to the fact that the wheat production of South Australia in 1908-9 was only 19,397,672 bushels, and its production for nine years 126,996,987 bushels, notwithstanding that the wheat farmers of South Australia are the second best in the Commonwealth. A curious fact in connexion with the illustrations of Territoria was discovered by Senator Millen.

Sources

C tooma rivers

Placename

tooma rivers

Type

Other

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784.0

para

- I intend to visit thesite about the end of March, when I shall- be pleased to have the honorable member's company in viewing the beauty spots which his imagination has created, and which he will have great difficulty in pointing out. To continue my quotation from Mr. Chesterman's report - The Murray and Tooma Rivers thread tortuous courses, and, with the foliage lining their banks, relieved by an occasional crescent-like lagoon, add a variety and additional charm wherever visible. Undoubtedly its beautiful scenery is a feature of the Upper Murray District. Where could we obtain a more poetic description of any part of Australia? What I have read is, not the report of a journalist wielding a trained pen for the fascination of his readers, but the statement of a cold, calculating surveyor, who feels compelled to burst out into this beautiful language. We could go to Tooma without any expense at all.

Sources

C cotter river

Placename

cotter river

Type

Other

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863.0

para

- In the case of the bricks I saw and handled at the Federal Capital site, one could take off the corners with finger and thumb. I had made complaints before in regard to the deficiencies of the selected Capital site, and so I wanted, by my own personal observation, to rectify any mistakes I had made or to justify my statements. I admit that I saw the Cotter river under charming conditions, which left an impression which is hard to remove ; but, at the same time, I find from the figures that the flow of 160,000,000 gallons a day is often reduced to 4,000,000 gallons. In the Sydney Bulletin of this week appears the following little poem, which puts the case very much better than I could : - Rock, and gorge, and dust; Scrub and fatten tree - Kerosene tin - bust ; Lizards running free. Here and there a tent, Shows a dingy peak, Where the dwellers went Hunting for the creek. Hungry is the land - " Stony, brown and bare ; Thirsty is the band Stuck forlornly there ! Desolate and dry, Round and round about - Winds that whistle by, Speak of Coming Drought. Should it strike next week On the Site of Fools, With Molonglo Creek Just a chain of pools. What, oh, what the tale That we shall be told? " Rivers never fail . . . Mountains full of gold! . . . Scenery superb! . . . Cataracts and lakes . . . Pools no winds disturb . . . Not a sign of snakes. . . . Thus - and thus - and thus - Through the Press that rules, Comes the tale to us, From the Site of Fools ! It would appear that even the Department of Home Affairs is much in doubt as to the desirability of the site that has been chosen for the Federal Capital, judging by the following circular issued by the Minister for the information of persons, undertaking work there - The greater part of the city area lies on the Molonglo River, and during periods of prolonged dry weather the river ceases to run. It is readily fordable at short intervals during the greater part of the year, though subject to sudden alterations in volume. In 1891 the highest recorded flood took place, when the waters overflowed the selected site for the Federal Capital. The maximum record summer temperature is 104 . deg. During winter the temperature frequently falls below freezing point.

Sources

C molonglo creek

Placename

molonglo creek

Type

Other

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863.0

para

- In the case of the bricks I saw and handled at the Federal Capital site, one could take off the corners with finger and thumb. I had made complaints before in regard to the deficiencies of the selected Capital site, and so I wanted, by my own personal observation, to rectify any mistakes I had made or to justify my statements. I admit that I saw the Cotter river under charming conditions, which left an impression which is hard to remove ; but, at the same time, I find from the figures that the flow of 160,000,000 gallons a day is often reduced to 4,000,000 gallons. In the Sydney Bulletin of this week appears the following little poem, which puts the case very much better than I could : - Rock, and gorge, and dust; Scrub and fatten tree - Kerosene tin - bust ; Lizards running free. Here and there a tent, Shows a dingy peak, Where the dwellers went Hunting for the creek. Hungry is the land - " Stony, brown and bare ; Thirsty is the band Stuck forlornly there ! Desolate and dry, Round and round about - Winds that whistle by, Speak of Coming Drought. Should it strike next week On the Site of Fools, With Molonglo Creek Just a chain of pools. What, oh, what the tale That we shall be told? " Rivers never fail . . . Mountains full of gold! . . . Scenery superb! . . . Cataracts and lakes . . . Pools no winds disturb . . . Not a sign of snakes. . . . Thus - and thus - and thus - Through the Press that rules, Comes the tale to us, From the Site of Fools ! It would appear that even the Department of Home Affairs is much in doubt as to the desirability of the site that has been chosen for the Federal Capital, judging by the following circular issued by the Minister for the information of persons, undertaking work there - The greater part of the city area lies on the Molonglo River, and during periods of prolonged dry weather the river ceases to run. It is readily fordable at short intervals during the greater part of the year, though subject to sudden alterations in volume. In 1891 the highest recorded flood took place, when the waters overflowed the selected site for the Federal Capital. The maximum record summer temperature is 104 . deg. During winter the temperature frequently falls below freezing point.

Sources

C molonglo river

Placename

molonglo river

Type

Other

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863.0

para

- In the case of the bricks I saw and handled at the Federal Capital site, one could take off the corners with finger and thumb. I had made complaints before in regard to the deficiencies of the selected Capital site, and so I wanted, by my own personal observation, to rectify any mistakes I had made or to justify my statements. I admit that I saw the Cotter river under charming conditions, which left an impression which is hard to remove ; but, at the same time, I find from the figures that the flow of 160,000,000 gallons a day is often reduced to 4,000,000 gallons. In the Sydney Bulletin of this week appears the following little poem, which puts the case very much better than I could : - Rock, and gorge, and dust; Scrub and fatten tree - Kerosene tin - bust ; Lizards running free. Here and there a tent, Shows a dingy peak, Where the dwellers went Hunting for the creek. Hungry is the land - " Stony, brown and bare ; Thirsty is the band Stuck forlornly there ! Desolate and dry, Round and round about - Winds that whistle by, Speak of Coming Drought. Should it strike next week On the Site of Fools, With Molonglo Creek Just a chain of pools. What, oh, what the tale That we shall be told? " Rivers never fail . . . Mountains full of gold! . . . Scenery superb! . . . Cataracts and lakes . . . Pools no winds disturb . . . Not a sign of snakes. . . . Thus - and thus - and thus - Through the Press that rules, Comes the tale to us, From the Site of Fools ! It would appear that even the Department of Home Affairs is much in doubt as to the desirability of the site that has been chosen for the Federal Capital, judging by the following circular issued by the Minister for the information of persons, undertaking work there - The greater part of the city area lies on the Molonglo River, and during periods of prolonged dry weather the river ceases to run. It is readily fordable at short intervals during the greater part of the year, though subject to sudden alterations in volume. In 1891 the highest recorded flood took place, when the waters overflowed the selected site for the Federal Capital. The maximum record summer temperature is 104 . deg. During winter the temperature frequently falls below freezing point.

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C rome

Placename

rome

Type

Other

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1423.0

para

- It did save the Empire for the time being. The interjection of the honorable member tempts one to digress into a discussion of what really did bring about the downfall of the Roman Empire, but I shall refrain. The honorable member for Denison is very fond of quoting poetry, particularlyLocksley Hall; and I should like to repeat two lines from Gold smith, in order to show what, in my opinion, did cause the ruin of that great Empire. Goldsmith said - Ill fares the land, tohastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates, and men decay. It was the accumulation of wealth, together with lust and loose living, that caused the decay and disintegration of Rome, and this is what we have to avoid in the Australian Commonwealth.

Sources

C tahiti

Placename

tahiti

Type

Other

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1273.0

para

Shadowy isle of bliss Mid-most the beating of the steely sea, but the home of a race of somewhat romantic traditions - sailors, expert whalers, men of the stamp of those whose seamanship, proverbial amongst nations, has extended the trade and the bounds of Empire. ' I think honorable members are fairly familiar with the history of Pitcairn Island. About 1787, the Bounty, a sloop of about 250 tons, was commissioned by George III., who desired to transplant some of the bread-fruit tree, of which a favorable account had been given by Captain Cook, who was in Tahiti in 1769, to the West Indies. On going Home, Captain Cook reported that in Tahiti he had found an amiable, peaceful population, a fertile soil, and a genial climate, and that there flourished there a fruit which was exceedingly nutritious. Bligh was commissioned to transplant some of this fruit to the West Indies. He reached Tahiti, remained there about six months, and then started on his voyage. We all know that soon after a mutiny occurred on board his vessel. Some say that it was brought about by the stern and Draconian discipline of Bligh himself. Others say that it was due to different causes. At any rate, Bligh and his companions were turned adrift, and eventually reached the Island of Timor, and Christian, a man of virile and at tractive character, although chief of the mutineers, some of whom belonged to the best and most adventurous blood of Great Britain - as might be said of many of the officers associated with Bligh - went to Tahiti, and, after calling twice at Tau.bonai, returned to Tahiti, and eventually, with seven or eight companions, started on the ocean to seek some uninhabited land - one of those - Summer Isles of Eden, lying In dark purple spheres of sea- there to spend, as Morrison's Journal said, the remainder of his days without seeing the face of any European except those who accompanied him. Honorable members may recollect that Byron's poem, The Island, was based on this episode of the mutineers of the Bounty. It is the poem which caused Ruskin to pay one of the greatest tributes ever paid to Byron. Ruskin extolled the poet's concision, directness, and sincerity, quoting in support of his opinion the passage - A little stream came tumbling from the height And straggling to the ocean as it might. . . . While far below the vast and sullen swell Of ocean's alpine azure rose and fell. In 1856, Norfolk Island was vacated. Tb.3 Pitcairn islanders, finding that their island had become too small for them, petitioned for another home, and Norfolk Island was given to them. The island is about 480 miles from Auckland, 450 from New Caledonia, and 9*04 from Sydney, and is in latitude 29.3.4, longitude 167.58.6, the latitude being about that of Brisbane. Ite area is 8,528 acres, of which 5,400 have been alienated in fee simple.

Sources

C hobson's bay

Placename

hobson's bay

Type

Other

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1280.0

para

- The Minister of External Affairs, in what I may describe as a poetic speech, with that fine range of language of which he is capable, described Norfolk Island as a beautiful spot of wonderful fertility; and I say at once that, as soon as this Bill is passed, and it becomes known that the Commonwealth has taken over the island, the land will be considerably enhanced in value. We shall find the speculator - and the man of ease and cash - anxious to secure a patch; and there is no doubt that, with the regular steam-ship service we may expect, the land will become even more valuable. We know that in these remote places there are sometimes men of undesirable type; and who is to say that we may not on Norfolk Island find those of the character at present in Tasmania and elsewhere ready and eager to turn the place into a veritable Monte Carlo ? In Victoria, we have a striking example of what may happen if land is permitted to get beyond the control of the Crown. At one time the foreshore of Hobson's Bay for a certain distance back was reserved, the Crown refusing any title to a purchaser. However, influence was brought to bear on the Government of the day, and the foreshore, especially at Sorrento and other places, has been purchased by private individuals right down to the water's edge when the tide is out. As a result, the business people of the district, and visitors, find that a great wrong has been done to the community generally. I understand that on Norfolk Island there are 1,311 acres unsold, while there are reserves making up thetotal area to something like 3,128 acres; and, under the circumstances, the Minister would be well advised to retain all the land for the people. If, as we believe, this land on Norfolk Island is going to increase in value, as it is brought more under the observation of the people on the mainland, it would be a most profitable course on the part of the Government to restrict themselves to leasehold. It has been mentioned by the honorable member for Brisbane that only about 400 acres are under cultivation; and this fact is somewhat depressing in view of the wonderful fertility of the soil.

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C wide bay

Placename

wide bay

Type

Other

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1285.0

para

- It is not for me to say; it is enough for me to give the money. It is amazing to find honorable members raising these " Little Peddlington " objections, just, as I have said, as though they were municipal councillors instead of members of a great National Parliament. I have heard Labour men on the hustings in Queensland expressing their pride in belonging to this great National Parliament; and the arguments we have heard to-day are not in keeping with the occasion. Surely honorable members do not desire that the Prime Minister should go into details regarding the distribution; and it will be humiliating to the recipients to think that this money has not been given with good grace. I am sorry the question is going to be put to the vote, and I can only say that my own vote will go in favour of the gift. Mr.FISHER (Wide Bay- Prime Minister and Treasurer) [4.58]. - I remind those honorable members who, while they oppose the motion, declare that they do not do so through any disloyalty, that the question does not involve loyalty at all; it is simply a question of whether this Parliament thinks it is interpreting the views of the people of Australia. Personally, I think we are interpreting those views in thanking the Belgian nation for what they have done in support of their own rights and in protection of the rights and liberties of civilization. It is a great privilege and honour for a young Dominion like this - perhaps the most prosperous country in the world to-day - to be able to ask the Belgian nation to accept this money. I trust the Government of Belgium, as I would the Government of any other country, to use this small tribute in the way they think best. The honorable member for Bourke, unwittingly no doubt, did me an injustice when he said that I had not indicated how the money was to be used. I stated definitely and clearly that I hoped the money would be used to, in some small way, heal the wounds inflicted on a brave people in defence of their own rights - & people who have, I think, nobly realized the lines of the great English poet - Because right is right, to follow right Were wisdom in the scorn of consequence. This they have done, and not only for their own sakes. I should have liked to see the Belgian Government distribute this money in Brussels, and, though I have little hope of that at the present time, I trust that the day is not far distant when they once more will be in their own capital city. All that I can do in Parliament or out of it to help to bring about that result I shall willingly do. At any rate, I trust the Belgian Government, notwithstanding all that has been said against them ; and I hope and believe that this small tribute will be given cheerfully by the people of Australia, and will be used in the best possible way to alleviate the sufferings of the Belgian people. I suggest to the honorable member for Bourke, and those who think with him, that they should not call for a division, but, if they persist in doing so, I must ask honorable members on both sides to support the motion. Amendment negatived. Question - That the motion be agreed to - put. The House divided. Majority...... 42 AYES NOES Question so resolved in the affirmative. Debate resumed from Sth October (vide page 38), on motion by Mr. Jolley - That the following Address-in-Reply to the Speech of His Excellency thu Governor-General be agreed to by this House: - May it please Your Excellency - We, the House of Representatives of the Parliament of the Common wen 1th of Australia, in Parliament assembled. he«r to express our loyalty to our Most Gracious Sovereign, and to thank Your Excellency for the Speech which you have been pleased to address to Parliament.

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C brussels

Placename

brussels

Type

Other

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- It is not for me to say; it is enough for me to give the money. It is amazing to find honorable members raising these " Little Peddlington " objections, just, as I have said, as though they were municipal councillors instead of members of a great National Parliament. I have heard Labour men on the hustings in Queensland expressing their pride in belonging to this great National Parliament; and the arguments we have heard to-day are not in keeping with the occasion. Surely honorable members do not desire that the Prime Minister should go into details regarding the distribution; and it will be humiliating to the recipients to think that this money has not been given with good grace. I am sorry the question is going to be put to the vote, and I can only say that my own vote will go in favour of the gift. Mr.FISHER (Wide Bay- Prime Minister and Treasurer) [4.58]. - I remind those honorable members who, while they oppose the motion, declare that they do not do so through any disloyalty, that the question does not involve loyalty at all; it is simply a question of whether this Parliament thinks it is interpreting the views of the people of Australia. Personally, I think we are interpreting those views in thanking the Belgian nation for what they have done in support of their own rights and in protection of the rights and liberties of civilization. It is a great privilege and honour for a young Dominion like this - perhaps the most prosperous country in the world to-day - to be able to ask the Belgian nation to accept this money. I trust the Government of Belgium, as I would the Government of any other country, to use this small tribute in the way they think best. The honorable member for Bourke, unwittingly no doubt, did me an injustice when he said that I had not indicated how the money was to be used. I stated definitely and clearly that I hoped the money would be used to, in some small way, heal the wounds inflicted on a brave people in defence of their own rights - & people who have, I think, nobly realized the lines of the great English poet - Because right is right, to follow right Were wisdom in the scorn of consequence. This they have done, and not only for their own sakes. I should have liked to see the Belgian Government distribute this money in Brussels, and, though I have little hope of that at the present time, I trust that the day is not far distant when they once more will be in their own capital city. All that I can do in Parliament or out of it to help to bring about that result I shall willingly do. At any rate, I trust the Belgian Government, notwithstanding all that has been said against them ; and I hope and believe that this small tribute will be given cheerfully by the people of Australia, and will be used in the best possible way to alleviate the sufferings of the Belgian people. I suggest to the honorable member for Bourke, and those who think with him, that they should not call for a division, but, if they persist in doing so, I must ask honorable members on both sides to support the motion. Amendment negatived. Question - That the motion be agreed to - put. The House divided. Majority...... 42 AYES NOES Question so resolved in the affirmative. Debate resumed from Sth October (vide page 38), on motion by Mr. Jolley - That the following Address-in-Reply to the Speech of His Excellency thu Governor-General be agreed to by this House: - May it please Your Excellency - We, the House of Representatives of the Parliament of the Common wen 1th of Australia, in Parliament assembled. he«r to express our loyalty to our Most Gracious Sovereign, and to thank Your Excellency for the Speech which you have been pleased to address to Parliament.

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barrier

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- The other day I read a statement by the German poet Schiller- The nation is worth nothing that does not joyfully stake all on its honour. That statement is worth quoting in these days. I wish that the poet would commend it to his own rulers, for they have violated the honour of their nation, and have violated their solemn pledges given to the world many years ago. Now that we are in this fight our attitude should be that of Polonius when he says - Beware Of entrance to a quarrel; but, being in, Bear't that the opposer may beware of thee. We must make them beware how they hack their way through solemn treaties, and violate the neutrality of small kingdoms who had every claim to their protection and support ! Sir, I believe that war is not all bad. It is bad enough. On the platform the other night the honorable member for Barrier, in the course of a very eloquent and moving speech, said that he could only see in war all that was bad. There are, however, more things in war than those that are ineradicably andunmistakablybad. When one comes to think that out of many a war in the past has come the great fillip to the freedom of the various peoples of the world one can only hope that some such result may come from this war. There is just a gleam of truth in the words of Hosea Biglow - Not but abstract war is horrid, - Isign to thet with all my heart, - Butcivyzation doos git forrid Sometimes upon a powder-cart.

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barrier

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- The other day I read a statement by the German poet Schiller- The nation is worth nothing that does not joyfully stake all on its honour. That statement is worth quoting in these days. I wish that the poet would commend it to his own rulers, for they have violated the honour of their nation, and have violated their solemn pledges given to the world many years ago. Now that we are in this fight our attitude should be that of Polonius when he says - Beware Of entrance to a quarrel; but, being in, Bear't that the opposer may beware of thee. We must make them beware how they hack their way through solemn treaties, and violate the neutrality of small kingdoms who had every claim to their protection and support ! Sir, I believe that war is not all bad. It is bad enough. On the platform the other night the honorable member for Barrier, in the course of a very eloquent and moving speech, said that he could only see in war all that was bad. There are, however, more things in war than those that are ineradicably andunmistakablybad. When one comes to think that out of many a war in the past has come the great fillip to the freedom of the various peoples of the world one can only hope that some such result may come from this war. There is just a gleam of truth in the words of Hosea Biglow - Not but abstract war is horrid, - Isign to thet with all my heart, - Butcivyzation doos git forrid Sometimes upon a powder-cart. The nation is worth nothing that does not joyfully stake all on its honour. That statement is worth quoting in these days. I wish that the poet would commend it to his own rulers, for they have violated the honour of their nation, and have violated their solemn pledges given to the world many years ago. Now that we are in this fight our attitude should be that of Polonius when he says - Beware Of entrance to a quarrel; but, being in, Bear't that the opposer may beware of thee. We must make them beware how they hack their way through solemn treaties, and violate the neutrality of small kingdoms who had every claim to their protection and support ! Sir, I believe that war is not all bad. It is bad enough. On the platform the other night the honorable member for Barrier, in the course of a very eloquent and moving speech, said that he could only see in war all that was bad. There are, however, more things in war than those that are ineradicably andunmistakablybad. When one comes to think that out of many a war in the past has come the great fillip to the freedom of the various peoples of the world one can only hope that some such result may come from this war. There is just a gleam of truth in the words of Hosea Biglow - Not but abstract war is horrid, - Isign to thet with all my heart, - Butcivyzation doos git forrid Sometimes upon a powder-cart. I hope it will be so on this occasion. At any rate, I believe that this war, when it is over, will, among other things, end that mad race of armaments which has beggared - I am not sure that I should not say brutalized - Europe for many years past. The New Age the other day said that Germany's attempt to found an effective navy has cost Western Europe a thousand million pounds. We could not go on very long at that rate. There had to come a stop to it all, to that mad race of armaments which we have seen going on for many years past. So far as we in Australia are concerned, I believe that the sentiment expressed the other day by Harold Begbie is our own, and that we - War for the end of war : Fighting that fighting may cease. Why do our cannons roar? For a thousand years of peace. We cannot hope to get a thousand years of peace, but we can hope for a peace which will last for many years to come when this tremendous war is over.

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C dardanelles

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dardanelles

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Germany puts her destinies in the hands of warriors; we leave ours in the hands of politicians. Germany acts; we talk. He adds that " words count for nothing in the game of blood and iron." What was the use of the Attorney-General declaring, as he did this afternoon, that Russia will never be beaten, and that we shall never be beaten. It is not a bit of good talking; we must act. Unless this country realizes that we have not attempted to begin our part, or, at most, have done very little, that we must organize' every resource, and that the British Empire must do the same, from one end of it to the other, unless we realize that Germany must be beaten to her knees, the day will come when the policy of blood and iron will win, and Germany will get what she is seeking. All credit to her if she does so under those circumstances. As Blatchford says - Unless the British are ready to fight and pay and work as they have not fought or paid or striven for a hundred years - if ever - the Empire will assuredly go to pieces and leave us beggared and disgraced under the conquest of a braver, better-trained, and better-organized nation. Mr.Fenton. - That was written nearly four years ago. - Yes. Is it not time now that the conflict is upon us, and has been waging for nearly eleven months, that Australia, in common with the rest of the Empire, awoke to the truth of this warning? God forbid that I should say a word against the brave men who are upholding so magnificently at the Dardanelles the honour, and glory, and reputation of this country. We all acknowledge the magnificent work that they have accomplished, and the great name that they have earned for Australia by what they have done. But shall we not prove ourselves a set of doddering idiots if, while these men are falling thick as autumn leaves, we sit here discussing questions utterly insignificant, and which are as nothing compared with the tremendous issues at stake? Nothing short of world domination will satisfy those who guide the destinies of Germany. For many years, her philosophers, poets, public men, historians, scientists, and politicians, her whole intellectual life, have been steadily preaching this one doctrine of world domination, so that it has entered into the very soul of the nation. Germany has a white population of 65,000,000 persons, which is more than the white population of the British Empire. We have to recognise the tremendous driving 'force behind the German nation, that the Germans have bent their whole energies to the organization of the nation down to the tiniest details for the accomplishment of their ultimate purpose. If they are only checked in the struggle in which we are now engaged, it must be evident to every honorable member that the day will come when once again Germany will feel her strength, and once again that indomitable spirit which urges the German against the world will re-assert itself. Unless Germany is ab solutely beaten to h'er knees, and made powerless, I believe that, within our lifetime, she' will choose her opportunity to attack again the one enemy that she had in mind when she entered upon this war. To any one who has read what the Germans have written for all the world to see, it must be perfectly evident that the great enemy that Germany had in view was England. Do honorable members believe, for one moment, that it is the British Isles that Germany wants? Is it there that she looks for a place where her surplus population may live " under a German sky and on German soil," as Bernhardi put it? Those who have read his books know that what Germany wants is not Great Britain, but her colonies. I have read all of Bernhardi's works that have been translated into English, and I can tell the House that in more than one hundred passages he says, in one way or another, that it is England with which Germany is going to try conclusions; that it is the English colonies that Germ.any is going to take; and in allbut absolute words he asserts that it is Australia that she desires. We know that Bernhardi is the popular exponent of the policy of blood and iron, the man above all others who has crystallized and expressed German sentiment on this subject.

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dardanelles

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- I am not at present advocating the principle of conscription ; but it seems to me that there is a great deal of poetical sentiment and " flapdoodle " associated with the suggestion that it is opposed to the genius of the race from which we spring, having regard to the records of the press-gang, and to the fact that 90 per cent, of British soldiers have been forced to adopt soldiering at the point of the bayonet of necessity. I go a long way with the right honorable member for Parramatta in his desire that, as far as possible, we should set out in the Bill itself the principles by which the Commissioner should be guided in determining the pensions payable iri each case. lt may not be possible to follow the exact lines laid down by the right honorable member, but I certainly agree with the principle he has enunciated. We are sending our young men to the front with a great deal of cheering, and with much enthusiasm, but those who die at Gallipoli and elsewhere will inevitably be forgotten save by their mothers. A mother does not readily forget her children. Those who come back will be forgotten in a very short time. Already wounded soldiers returning from the Dardanelles have been forgotten, not only by officialdom, but by the general public. Whilst we are justified in condemning officialdom for its failure to pro vide for the comfort of the wounded soldiers who recently travelled from Melbourne to Sydney, what are we to say of the general public who travelled by the same train, and who jostled these unfortunate men at Seymour in order that they, healthy and strong, might be the first to secure a cup of tea ?

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C wide bay

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wide bay

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- The leaflet to which the honorable member for Wentworth drew attention had no reference to present political circumstances. Not a single Labour man has appealed to the Germans for support during the war ; such appeals have come only from Liberals. During the Queensland State elections, in May 1915, the Liberal Government published in German in the News Budget, a German edition of the weekly Courier and in the German newspaper, their manifesto for the election. The honorable member for Wide Bay was a member of the party at the time, and, therefore, identified with that publication. Not only that, .but the" leading Liberal organ in Queensland, until March last, published weekly a News Budget containing three pages in the German language, giving all the news of the war and other information. I propose to tell honorable members the kind of news that was thus being published weekly for the information of German readers. An advertisement appeared each week inviting contributions, and asking that they be addressed to the German" editor of the News Budget, Courier Buildings, Brisbane. I have here a digest of the news that appeared on 22nd January, 1916. There were several poems, in one of which was an appreciative reference to the "Kaiser's little daughter." The word " Kaiserlich " occurs often in this poem. The reference is not to the present Kaiser, but to some past monarch; but, nevertheless, the appeal to German national sentiment - not Australian or British sentiment - is unmistakable. There is an account of a German wedding, at which a " real German wedding breakfast " was given, and the usual toasts were honoured. Then there is an interesting reference to the confirmation services and other good work done by Pastor Franck, and it is an interesting coincidence that a German pastor of that name, presumably the same man, was one of two interned as " disaffected subjects." Pastor Franck was one of the most active electioneering agents in the Wide Bay district during the by-election in December last.

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C rome

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rome

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- Mr. Hughes is " on deck" to-day, and that is the trouble of our friends opposite. He has been subjected to abuse, but that is one of the leading marks and characteristics of an able man. In human affairs we always find that when a man is severely abused, there is something behind it. There is always some one afraid of him. Those who abuse a man are afraid of his strength. We never see abuse heaped on a cypher. A cypher does not count for anything, not even for the amount of thought that might be expended in estimating its worth. The man of merit, the man who has made progress on the uphill road of advance in the Democratic or Labour field, who has made a number 10 mark on the sands of Time as a champion of his fellows, is the man invariably in every age and clime who has had the same barking critics at his heels that Mr. Hughes has had. This has been the case right through the ages. Of the Gracchi brothers, whose names are held in grateful memory by every land reformer of the centuries, one fell to the dagger and the other had to flee for his life from the fury of the Roman mob. Belisarius, who relieved Rome from the vandals under Totila, had t° search for food among the pariah dogs at the gate of Rome when he returned to the Eternal City. Danton, that towering figure who brought the French Revolution to a head, was turned on by the mob, and went to his death under the signature of Robespierre, another man who, in order to save his skin, met a fate which he deserved; because then it was a case of the Revolution being carried over the rightful point where it should be stopped. He met the fate that meets all men who stand to save themselves at the expense of their compeers. When Danton went to his death, he said, "It is better to be a fisherman than to meddle in the art of governing men." What was Washington's reward? While the struggle against England was yet confined to the political arena in the Thirteen Colonies, ' he was bitterly assailed in the same way. A clergyman named Ordell, a poet of standing, called him a perjurer and a liar, which shows the temper of the time, and what a man of stainless honour had to suffer for the cause he had at heart at the hands of small-minded, petty, scornful creatures. Take the case of my own native country, Ireland. We know that Henry Grattan was tackled by the mob in the streets of Dublin, and that they made the blood of the Irish patriot flow. With Parnell the same story was repeated. Above all, let us consider the way in which Lincoln was treated . Let honorable senators remember that historic figure, and what he had to suffer. He had to bear in his time, as Mr. Hughes has had to bear to-day, the cruel taunts and scorn of factionists and midget-minded men whose types are now represented in Australia.

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C lake superior

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lake superior

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- As a matter of fact, practical metallurgists grouped together on the spot ignored the advice of Dr. Peters, and shot the ore right into the furnace raw, obviating the calcination charge of 15s. per ton. The Mount Lyell ore at the present time does not return a profit equal to what that calcination charge would have been. The hot-air blast is all done away with. The employment of thousands of men to chop fuel was also done away with as the result of the practical experiments of the men on the spot. If Dr. Peters, notwithstanding his great experience of copper smelting, had continued experimenting with Mount Lyell ores at Lake Superior, the practical result would not have been satisfactory. Tho point and pith of my argument is that the operations of scientists employed by State Departments on the spot dealing with local conditions and with matters arising in the particular States which constitute their spheres of operation, are likely to be more satisfactory in their discoveries than if their activities are directed from one centre in the temporary Federal Capital at Melbourne. I predict that in questions of discovery and research the too great concentration which will ensue will be prejudicial to systematic scientific investigation. The very great scientists, those whose discoveries are severely practical, are not those educated in universities. Great scientists are often like great poets, of whom, it is said that they " learn in suffering what they teach in song." The great scientist has often had a hard task to earn his living. It is the persistence of genius, not Government co-ordination, that results in big things in connexion with scientific research. Pasteur, and the great French centenarian, Chevreul, discovered what they did very largely along the lines of original research. Governments did not do much for them until very late in their careers. Chevreul lived to over 100 years of age. He made important discoveries in regard to the fixation of colours in the dyeing of cloth stuffs when eighty or ninety years of age. He was in Paris at the time of the German bombardment. After the manner of the philosophers of classic times in the- groves of Academus, he was lecturing to the students of his class in the open air, when a German shell fell. He went in, and, like a philosopher, merely recorded in his diary that a scientific institution over which he presided had been bombarded by William of Prussia on such and such a day, to his eternal shame and disgrace. I do not want any one to believe that I undervalue scientific research. I know of nothing more eloquent than the language of a great scientific publication in dealing with this magnificent old chemist on the one hundredth anniversary of his birth : " There this magnificent old man sits in his laboratory, holding silent commune with nature, and earnestly, yet reverently, watching the sublime irradiations of immortal Truth." There could not be a more graphic description of the labours of a scientist. My opposition to the Bill results from the fact that I am a Federalist, just as Senator McDougall's appreciation of it, results, as he told us, from the fact that he is a Unificationist. As a Federalist, I think it my duty at all times to protest against the unnecessary duplication of State activities. In the present condition of affairs in Australia, in the period of financial stress which I see almost upon us, it will be wise on the part of this Committee to defer the opera.tion of the Bill for five years. By that time many people in Australia will have had a good many financial and intellectual cold showers. They will have had time to reflect. I cannot help thinking that the arrangements in connexion with this scientific institution very largely savour of these relating to the establishment of the Commonwealth police. That body was established by the Prime Minister (Mr. Hughes) in a moment of haste, and the Government do not care about doing away with it altogether for fear that it may constitute an implied slur on the activities of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister dashed in with this matter also, and established the present Advisory Council of Science and Industry. This is one of the things that may well be regarded as altogether unnecessary at this juncture. It is a luxury just now, seeing that we have able scientists active along the lines described by Senator Fairbairn and others in the employ of the States at the present time.

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C tartarus

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tartarus

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I come now to that part of the clause under which it is proposed to exclude our late enemies - (Germans, Austrians, Bulgarians, and Turks. In this particular provision the Ministry seek to give expression to that surplus of bitterness and vindictiveness to which we were unable to give expression during four horrible years of bloody conflict. In it they show their disbelief in, and contempt -f or, the League of Nations. So far as we can do so, this provision is intended to make the world unsafe for Democracy, and not boo pleasant a place for anybody else. By this clause we " do our hit " to promote war and the bitterness of war after Peace. It was in connexion with this provision that the Minister for Home and Territories called upon the philosophy of the German poet, Schiller. I thank him for the inspiration which he has given me, because when I read this provision and think of Schiller, I naturally think that this philosopher accurately described the attitude of the present Government towards our late enemies when he spoke of the condemned soul in Tartarus, who " yelled his wild curse from jaws that never close." In this clause the Government, after the Avar is over, yell their wild curse of hate from jaws which never close. This may possibly have been in the mind of Schiller when, in speaking of another kind of bigot, he said - The same in darkness or in light his fate Time brings no mercy to the bigot's bate. I do not like to suggest what may happen to anybody in a future state, and in the true spirit of Christian charity I hope that the members of the Government will not get their deserts there. But if there be a particularly dark, dank and noisome, and offensive corner in Erebus, I suppose it will be reserved for the international and sectarian bigots. Presumably, in the leisure of eternity they will yell at each other their wild curses of hate from jaws that never close. The international bigot cannot lay aside his hate and prejudice after the war any more than can the sectarian bigot. For these reasons I shall vote against this provision. I should be untrue to the pledges which I gave to the electors of my constituency, and quite untrue to my own conscience, if I were to approve of it in any way.

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rome

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With all due respect to my honorable friends I make the statement. This Parliament is too highminded to go behind the spirit and meaning of a resolution which it affirms. There is much in French civilization, and in the French character which claims the admiration of mankind. It must surely be humiliating to a Frenchman to reflect that his country cannot now be regarded as safe unless guaranteed by the other great Powers. I say to the French, notwithstanding my admiration for them, that it is their own fault that that is so. I am friendly to France and to the French people, and it is lamentable that I should have to say from my place here that, had French men and French women been true to themselves in, every respect; had. they acknowledged what was due to their race, they would not now have to get the guarantees of other nations to protect them against Germany. The Leader of the Opposition (Senator Gardiner) referred to the fact that Germany has. a population of 80,000,000 or 90,000,000, while France, we understand, has had her population reduced by the war from 38,000,000 to 34,000,000. In Napoleon's day the French numbered over 30,000,000, and he, speaking of his struggle with the British Empire, said, " Thirty millions of Frenchmen against 15,000,000 of British ! The result cannot be doubtful. History will repeat itself. Rome will destroy Carthage." But Rome, by which he meant France, did not destroy Carthage the second time. Fortunatelv both Rome and Carthage, using his terms for France and England, survive to-day, and are now joining hand in hand to secure the liberties of mankind and their perpetuation. The point I wish to make now, however, is that, while at the time of the Napoleonic wars the population of Britain numbered only 15,000,000, it now numbers nearly 50,000,000; and France, whose population then was 30,000,000, has now only 34,000,000. In Napoleon's day, there were 22,000,000 Germans, and now there are 80,000,000 or 90,000,000 Germans. It is because of the French disregard of the principles that make nations great that France hae been humiliated by having to seek the protection of other countries against Germany. Millions of unborn Frenchmen should now be inhabiting the tabernacles of the flesh. They should be helping us to fill the waste spaces of Australia, where they would be welcome. The French are too few in number. Their language is losing ground before that of the British. I say to them in the verse of one of their own poets - Tis awful odds against the gods When they will match with myrmidons, These spawning, spawning myrmidons. Their turn to-day; they take command- Jove gives the globe into the hand Of myrmidons, of myrmidons. Jove will, indeed, give the globe into the hands of the fecund nations. Since the dawn of time the classic land of Gaul has been inhabited, and the French was the first of the Western nations to become civilized, and yet, afterall the centuries that have passed, she has a population now of only a little over 30,000,000, and has had to seek protection from, amongst others, theCommonwealth of Australia with a population of only 5,000,000, . in occupation of a territory that we have held only a little over a century. In another century, unless the French amend their ways, the population of Australia will outnumber that of France.Let the French take to heart the lesson that they are now being taught. That the French armies are insufficient for the protection of France, and that the French language is being less and less spoken throughout the world are facts due to the French disregard of the divine injunction to increase and multiply. I have great pleasure in supporting the motion. I do so with the full consciousness that it commits the Australian Parliament and people to the protecting and supporting of the French nation should it be attacked by Germany without provocation.

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north sea

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- Yes. I find it extremely difficult to further contract the gratuity, I think I have already stated that if I could give a reasonable working definition I would be in favour of including only the men who had been in the fighting zone, and I would be prepared to test the feelings of the Committee on that point.. Senator Gardiner expressed some poetic and extremely characteristic views in moving his previous amendment when he referred to the stress and strain experienced by practically everybody who crossed the Equator from the Southern Hemisphere. Out of the kindness of his heart I believe he would, in the words of the interjection of the Minister for Defence (Senator Pearce) include the last man and woman, the last sock knitter, and also Australia's last shilling. I have had some experience in the war zone, and in travelling in the Mediterranean one of my most thrilling experiences was the sight of small fishing craft, on which 2-inch guns were mounted, searching for submarines. On the next voyage the ship on which I had been travelling was torpedoed.. I also crossed the North Sea with a lifebelt on my back at a time when we did not know when we would encounter submarines or mines. I believe I was then performing a duty that was of some service to the people of New South Wales. But this gratuity is for soldiers and not for civilians. "Nearly every right-thinking man and woman throughout the Empire was proud to render some service or perform some duty in connexion with the war, for which they would scorn payment. I do not know whether Senator Gardiner is in favour of including the munition workers. They of course rendered some service, but I would remind him that their pay was much higher than that of the soldiers.I have seen the pay envelopes of munition workers who went from Australia to Great Britain, which showed that somereceived £6, £8, and £10 a week.

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C port phillip bay

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port phillip bay

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Arising under this Constitution, or involving its interpretation. Arising under any laws made by the Parliament. Of Admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. Relating tothe same subject-matter claimed under the laws of different States. I invite the learned Judges once more to consider if the Court was not established to. give protection to one section, namely, the people of any one State, in certain contingencies, what was the Court established for at all ? It was established for that very special reason, and if it were not for that we could have dispensed with the High Court and still have had a Commonwealth. It was not essential to have a High Court except for the purpose of protecting the interests and rights of the States under the Constitution. I may be misinterpreting the opinion published this morning, but I can never be accused of being disrespectful to the High Court or flippant concerning its decisionson constitutional questions. I desire to make a brief reference to something that I think has been disclosed during the course of this debate. As I have said, honorable senators have addressed themselves in an intelligent and able fashion to the consideration of the measure, and I am in accord with its general principle and intention. I was, however, struck with the fact that honorable senators take it for granted, because they did not refer to it much, that there is a full and deep appreciation in the public mind of the almost undisclosed, tut principal, factor of the necessary combination of labour and capital with this element in regard to the production of wealth. There is no such popular appreciation of a great truth. We are continually being told of the relative importance of capital and labour, and of the necessity of creating harmony between these two great factors. It is, of course, in the division of the wealth created that we have these disputes which cause so much industrial turmoil and chaos. I am supposed to be a friend of the capitalist ' and a supporter of his interests; but I look upon capital as I look upon labour, and regard them both as necessary instrumentalities in the creation of wealth and as instrumentalities only. I know that there is nothing original in what I am about to say, and that it has been clearly stated by others who are more competent to speak on the question of the factor I have mentioned than I am. I attach . first importance to brain power and organizing ability. Brains create wealth; and capital and labour are no more in themselves than the shovel in the hands of the workman. The shovel is but an instrument in the hands of the workman who is winning ore or digging coal; and everything depends upon the manner in which the shovel is handled. It is only when capital and labour are effectively used in conjunction with brains and organizing ability, that wealth can be produced. Capital badly employed or labour uselessly undertaken cannot produce wealth. Sufficient money could be found to place Mount Macedon in Port Phillip Bay, and to fill it up; but that would not be productive of national good. All capital and labour must be directed by the brain. I always tell the capitalist, the labour man, ,and everybody who has the welfare of the country at heart, that they can organize and re-organize as they think fit, But they must always recognise that under tike so-called capitalistic regime, or indeed "any other system, as the poet says, " Those who think must govern those who toil." The dominating factor of organizing ability has to be recognised as absolutely essential in all instrumentalities that produce wealth. I have expressed that opinion from time to time on public platforms; and it is very largely owing to the fact that I was one of the first politicians in Australia to insist on ,it that I was able to enter the Legislature in the State of Tasmania, which I now assist in representing. I shall never fail to drum it into the minds of all who are concerned that brain, which means a certain kind of organizing ability and foresight, is the principal factor in the creation of wealth. The destruction of the -capitalistic regime, .as desired by some people, has been ably alluded to by Senator Duncan and others who have addressed themselves to this measure, and if there is anything inherently wrong in the capitalistic state, how has it been that it always developed in other countries and in other civilizations ? Every civilization that has been of any value has evolved, after numberless experiments the system of producing things for profit. Honorable senators, if they please, may call that a capitalistic state. What is there in this Parliament, or in this Chamber, to be particular, that would prevent us from destroying that capitalistic state, if we thought that it was as inherently dangerous to civilization as those individuals alluded to by Senator Duncan would" try to make out ?

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New South Wales the climate is of the best, the soil is fertile, and all the conditions exist there to make men, women, and children happy if we could only give them some relief from the burden of human toil. The great benefits enjoyed by the consumers of Australia to-day are derived from the sacrifice and industry of the producers. If those who are engaged in dairy production were paid time and a half for the hours worked after five o'clock in the afternoon and before eight o'clock in the morning, I am afraid that the consumers would be obliged to pay about 5s. per lb. for butter. Yet the honorable member for South Sydney (Mr. Riley) says that the Australian consumer should not be called upon to pay more than 4s. per bushel for wheat, leaving the farmer to get the best price he can for his surplus. The primary producers can only carry on at existing prices, because of their industry, determination, sacrifice, and frugality. If they were to insist on having applied to them the conditions which are exacted by those who are engaged in other undertakings controlled by Arbitration Courts and Wages Boards, their position would be very different. However, I recognise that we live upon our primary undertakings and exist upon our secondary industries, and that sacrifices must be made by all sections of the community. I am prepared to meet every item in a fair spirit, and I hope that this Parliament will do the same. I do not wish to be misconstrued. The position of Australia is very grave, and we must be careful in regard to what we do, because later on we shall be judged by our present actions. I have already quoted some words from Byron. I shall quote a few more lines from that poet. He says - What Athens was in science, Borne in power, What Tyre appear'd in her meridianhour, Earth's chief dictatress, ocean's lovely queen; But Rome docay'd and Athensstrew'dthe plain, And Tyre's proud piers lie shattered in the main; Like these, thy strength may sink, in ruin hurl'd, And Britain fall, the bulwark of the world. We have to play our part wherever we may be in the British Empire in order that the bulwark of the world to which Byron referred shall continue to be what it has been in the past. Progress reported. House adjourned at 10.16 p.m.

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New South Wales the climate is of the best, the soil is fertile, and all the conditions exist there to make men, women, and children happy if we could only give them some relief from the burden of human toil. The great benefits enjoyed by the consumers of Australia to-day are derived from the sacrifice and industry of the producers. If those who are engaged in dairy production were paid time and a half for the hours worked after five o'clock in the afternoon and before eight o'clock in the morning, I am afraid that the consumers would be obliged to pay about 5s. per lb. for butter. Yet the honorable member for South Sydney (Mr. Riley) says that the Australian consumer should not be called upon to pay more than 4s. per bushel for wheat, leaving the farmer to get the best price he can for his surplus. The primary producers can only carry on at existing prices, because of their industry, determination, sacrifice, and frugality. If they were to insist on having applied to them the conditions which are exacted by those who are engaged in other undertakings controlled by Arbitration Courts and Wages Boards, their position would be very different. However, I recognise that we live upon our primary undertakings and exist upon our secondary industries, and that sacrifices must be made by all sections of the community. I am prepared to meet every item in a fair spirit, and I hope that this Parliament will do the same. I do not wish to be misconstrued. The position of Australia is very grave, and we must be careful in regard to what we do, because later on we shall be judged by our present actions. I have already quoted some words from Byron. I shall quote a few more lines from that poet. He says - What Athens was in science, Borne in power, What Tyre appear'd in her meridianhour, Earth's chief dictatress, ocean's lovely queen; But Rome docay'd and Athensstrew'dthe plain, And Tyre's proud piers lie shattered in the main; Like these, thy strength may sink, in ruin hurl'd, And Britain fall, the bulwark of the world. We have to play our part wherever we may be in the British Empire in order that the bulwark of the world to which Byron referred shall continue to be what it has been in the past. Progress reported. House adjourned at 10.16 p.m.

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I can understand Senator Crawford thinking that it is the duty on package tea that causes the employment to which I have referred. Some persons seem to be absolutely fascinated with the 'Protectionist doctrine. When a boy I used to read a good deal of verse, and in this connexion recall Browning's charming poem, The PiedPiper of Hamelin. Honorable senators will recollect how this marvellous piper, by the sound of his pipes, first cleared the tow of rats, the only one of the vermin escaping death in the Weser being an old rat, who told later how at the first shrill notes of the pipe he heard sounds as of the preparation of all kinds of good food. Subsequently, the piper led away .the enraptured children of the town to a mountain where a cavern opened and closed behind them, leaving outside one poor crippled lad, who ever afterwards regretted that he could not have followed his companions to the joyous land promised by the piper, where everything was new and strange and delightful. The Protectionists resemble those who were thus enchanted. They are piped to about good wages and conditions, and follow blindly to their destruction those who play to them of the good things of Protection. All the protection that has been given by the Tariff does not cause as much employment as comes from allowing tea to be imported free. We used to hear in Victoria about the ringing of the anvils and the flaring of the furnaces that would follow the adoption of Protection, but the statistics show that this State has grown in population more slowly than any other in the Commonwealth. Item agreed to. Item 101 (Vegetables, dried, &c), and item 102 (Vegetables, n.e.i.), agreed to. Item 103- Waxes - Vegetable, for manufacturing- purposes, as prescribed by departmental by-laws, free. . - The imposition of a duty of id. per lb. on shoe-maker's wax is a very heavy duty, being equivalent to an ad valorem rate of 100 per cent. In sub-item b we have another case in which provision is made for prescription by departmental by-law. Since the Minister has had nearly twenty-four hours to look into this matter, he may now be in a position to inform us of the result of his mature consideration of the position.

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Debate ('on nuratiosai by Senator ©aaa- DDraBB:)r adjjouinojed. SecondReading. SenatorPEARCE (Western. Australia - Minister for- Home and Territories:)! [2.49].- I. move- That tlie bill' be now. read' a second' time. This is a. bill that is of samel importance, and I' believe that it is generally regarded as being one. that will- b.e» helpful to commercial and' financial' circles. There, are. three- main- principles, in the* bill. They are^ - (T)- To apply in. Australia certain general1 rules* relating' to- bilTs- of lading; which;, after- some years of consiidferafiioin* and) inquiry, have been passed, into- I'aw* in Gsearfi Britain-,, and! are recommended5 for adoptnionv by the Empire*- geaxexally.. (2) To apply Gommonweaiiib. law to*- any bill of lading', issued] im.-. Australia,, aaidt to any bill of lading for goods, coming; ta> Australia. (3) To make provision for the issue of a-. ' ' reaeiwed-. for shipment bill of lading."' There is a very interesting history at the* back' of thaw bill Ahast I shall' give ,ts» the1 Senate-; The terms' of bills of. lading; have been, the- subject o£ much contention, owing to the lack of equity and uniformity. Ship-ownera have inserted* clauses, modifying their liability, and shippers have- demanded legislation to regulate the matter. The Imperial' Shipping' Committee, in its' report of February, 1921', recommended' uniform legislation throughout the Empire-. Beforeeffect was given- to these- representations,, a movement developed to secure- worldwide uniformity in bills of lading, and this, reauitedi in. a draft,, known aa- thaHagae Rides. 11921. In. October,. 1802 , atthe; International Gbraference: aru Maja&irae La.w ml Btrussel'a,, a set of rules, based! on. the Hag,ua Rules, was- unanimously recommended as. a basis for international conv.entisn. In. 1923< a British] select, committee: again!, inquired' Lata- the matter.. The British Government up to* that time had! refused' to fake action on the ground that it was a matter of contract between the parties interested, but the select cran:mittee' strongjy/ recommended" governmental1 action. That- committee- mentioned also* that rh the* United1 States1 of America', in* 189B1, an act was passed! resttrictBig' shrpvowners, andl simi'flaT leg-isl&tibn' had! been-, passed m- Australia, Canadas, and! !New Zeal'surdl. The- rraiea* reGOrnnien'd-edf by the IntErmataonali Cbnferenca at, J&nissels in 1903 were embodied! » w bill' in the House* of Iiarsfa*,. amdl the matter waff- of snsh impoEtam-ce- that- it was earefmiHy considered- 'by a- joint ff<>ram*ittee of bothi Houses'. Tia- Imferial) Economic Conference of: 1'9&3,. at. which Australia*. Wats' represented, a*lso> passed! the- followingresolution':' - This Imperial' Economic Conference havingexamined the- rules l-elaTting- tt» Mis' of lading. recommended* By' tlie' Imter.nate'onalJ (Sonference on, Ma-L-itkue- Haw. held at. Brussels- in- October, 1922, and embodied, im the Caxuiage- of. Goods By S'ea BEHL now before the BH'iSsh Parliament, is of' opinion- tliat-im all> essential principles- they are' based] iiponj the Canadian: Wateii Canriag© of, Gooda Act 1910, and the- Repaut of the Imperial Shipping Committee, 1921", and Believing thaf there* iSs a good' prospect of international agueemenb iiu regard! to* Bills' o* lading* oni this' basis; which, would* be of Benefit tar every partof. the Empire,, considers, that these rules, can. Be. recommended! for adoption by the government and' PurKiaments- of' tlie Empire-.

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- I used the phrase the western portion of Europe in contradistinction to the eastern portion. No one can lay down hard and fast rules in this matter, and for that reason the Government should have power to exclude some and admit others. We do not want the offscourings of any nation dumped into Australia. The bill has possibilities of the widest extent in its application to all European races, and I hope that the deepest consideration will be given to it before any Government puts into force a total exclusion policy. By the kindness of the honorable member for Brisbane (Mr. D. Cameron), I have had the opportunity to read the report which Mr. Ferry, a Royal Commissioner, has recently compiled for the Government of Queensland. I listened with interest to the speech of the Leader of the Opposition (Mr. Charlton), and his reference to that report.- I do not criticize him for using those parts of it which he most approved of, but I must confess that I was nob altogether prepared for the general effect of the report as I found it. It seems to be a very fair report, written by a man who was really desirous of giving a fair answer to the very difficult question which was placed before him for decision.' He also came to the conclusion that some European races are more desirable as migrants than others. Mr. Ferry considers that the type of Greek - he is not condemning the Greek race - coming into Australia at present is not desirable. On the other hand, he expresses the opinion that the Finnish migrant on the whole lias been satisfactory, and is a desirable class. He does not condemn the' Maltese, and although he criticizes the inferior Italian, yet he does justice to the moro deserving Italian migrant. It is clear that he prefers the northern to the southern Italian. That conclusion could hardly be gathered from the remarks made by the Leader of the Opposition. I hope 'that the Government will be very chary of operating any really drastic exclusion provision against such a race as the Italians. As it is now, their numbers are severely limited. Relatively only a small number of European migrants has come to Australia during the last few years. Mr. Ferry said in his report that the average access of non-British migrants during the last three and a half years was between 5,000 and 6,000 a year. In other words, the British access in three and a half years was 101,000, and other nationalities 17,000. Would any honorable member suggest that 5,000 Europeans, provided they are decent people, is more than Australia can absorb per annum 1 I suggest that the tremendous outcry about the number of European migrants introduced into Australia is not really justified, however much objection may be justified respecting a particular type of migrant. The Honorable member for Maribyrnong (Mr. Fenton) made some rather disparaging remarks about modern Italians compared with their illustrious ancestors, the Romans. I remind the honorable member that the Italian has a most wonderful history. Right down from the Roman times, and through the middle ages to the present day, he has been a leader in the march of civilization. The bulk of our law is largely derived from the codes and institutes of ancient Rome. The great poets and painters of the middle centuries were many of them Italians, and Italians are to be numbered among the great statesmen of the 19th century. A man who has done as much as any other to benefit the human race during the last 50 years is Signor Marconi, who is an Italian. We cannot afford to despise the Italian civilization.

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Admiral of the Fleet. Lord Fisher, in his " Records," page 73, risks the wrath of the good old British Chamber of Mines Press, and permanent exclusion from the South African party, by supporting as follows one of the planks in the Pact platform : - " Hereditary titles are ludicrously out of date in modern democracy, and the sooner we sweep away all the gimcracks and gewgaws of snobbery the better. The fount of so-called honours has become a deluge, and the newspapers are hard put to it to find room for even the spray of the deluge." There can be no place in Paradise for the great Admiral after that. Let me read from the Sun Pictorial what is happening in Italy - ROME, Tuesday. - Signor Mussolini, receiving the freedom of the city, said that he hoped that Rome would rise again to Imperial dignity, and become the glorious capital of thi; Latin world. The Government has issued a decree denning legal titles, causing 200,000 nobles to lose their status. These include 60,000 dukes, counts, marquises, and barons created by the Vatican, since 1870, and thousands who possess titles dating from the Middle Ages, but possess no documentary evidence of their creation. Persons were claiming titles to which they had no- right, and which they had wrongly used. The impertinence of it ! Titles are becoming extinct ; they are the last refuge of the conservative school of politics. New Zealand, Canada, and South Africa have requested that no titles be conferred in those dominions, and readers of history know that one Government in Denmark refused to take office unless the King would pledge himself not to confer any more titles. Titles have been abolished in Norway. I am glad that Amundsen, the only man who has been at both the North and South Pole, was honoured by the King of Sweden, although I cannot see what good has resulted from the sacrifice of lives in expeditions to the Polar regions. The honorable member for Ballarat (Mr. McGrath) spoke of the titles of the Minister for Defence (Sir Neville Howse). I honour the distinction of V.C. which he holds, for it shows that in the war he displayed great personal courage; but he will agree with me that it is almost impossible to find a labourer who first won the V.C. and then a knighthood. "When a working man performs a feat that would entitle him to a second V.C, he is given a bar to the V.C. he already has. I know of workers who have won that great distinction twice, but they have not been granted a knighthood. If any honorable member knows of one working man who has received a knighthood because he earned a V.C. twice, I shall be glad to hear of it. In the early days of Queen Victoria thousands of army officers had their promotion delayed because of the red tape in +he Defence Department of Great Britain, which required the Queen personally to sign all the commissions - a task that was physically impossible. I have no doubt that the right honorable the Prime Minister believed what he said ; but I ask him, when has a constituency in Australia voted on the question of the granting of titles? I speak with 37 years' experience of many public meetings, and I have never heard of a public meeting endorsing the conferring of a title on a member of Parliament or any other individual, or passing a resolution in favour of the granting of titles generally. If any honorable member can inform me of a public meeting that has done so, I shall be prepared to correct my statement to that extent when I speak again on this subject. The Prime Minister made a strong point about privy councillors, bat he did not metion a single instance of that distinction being sold. The Cabinet Ministers of England, by right and established custom, are members of the Privy Council. How' could they give the King advice except in council, and how could they attend the Privy Council unless they were privy councillors? The Prime Minister's argument is like a two-edged sword. He did not say that privy councillorships had been sold, and as they have not been sold they are, to that extent, purer than many other distinctions. Titles in England, including some of the highest, have been obtained by the vilest means, and men have even bartered their sisters and wives for them. I believe that the Prime Minister is a man of great ability; but I am sorry that he did not say that in a democracy like Australia no more of these paltry baubles, which have been used to purchase votes, shall be issued. ' It is said that " Britain honours the brave," but let us consider what happens to her heroes. Perhaps the bravest act in the awful European Avar was the attack on Zeebrugge, which was designed to prevent the German submarines from leaving that port. In the Guardian newspaper, published at Durban, South Africa, on the 2Sth May last, I read that 50 mcn who took part in that raid in 1918 were then almost destitute. No act of the British Army has been more loudly applauded than the charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava. How often has Tennyson's poem on that historic event been recited on public platforms, and how often has the recital of it been received with great applause? How did the majority of the survivors of that charge end their days? Do honorable members deny that over 100 of them died in the workhouses of England, and that it was only by the action of the owner of a great English newspaper in collecting money that the last remnant of fourteen was saved from that misery. One poor old chap came into St. Mary's Hospital, in London, when I was there. His legs had been amputated above the knees. He had undergone fifteen separate operations, as the disease from which he suffered crept up his body. I first attended him as a dresser, and he ultimately died after his eighteenth operation. The mighty Empire of Great Britain apparently could not provide that unfortunate man with a push-cart in which he could be wheeled about. The cart had to be purchased with sixpences collected from medical students. 1 have no objection to the conferring of marks of distinction on persons of great merit. Any person who saves life at the risk of his own is, in my opinion, entitled to wear a medal on the breast equal to any that may be worn by a general. I see hundreds of medals on the breasts of brave men who may have risked their lives in the war, but how many brave men and women are there who have risked their lives for others and are not decorated? On next Friday night, in Melbourne, there is to be a distribution of honours by the Royal Humane Society. These distinctions will honour the recipients and the society. One brave man, who at the risk of his own life rushed upon a lunatic who was shooting every one in sight, is to be given the gold medal of the society. A bronze medal is to be given to a little girl, Florrie Hodges. Her action was no less heroic than that of Grace Darling. Honorable members are aware that Grace Darling, a young woman of 21 years of age, living in a lighthouse with her father, saw a ship wrecked, and knew that possibly many souls were in danger of death. She wanted to go at once to their rescue, but her father, knowing the danger, was at first unwilling that she should do so. She said, " Father, if you will not go I shall go alone.'" Then both father and daughter went to the rescue of those in peril of their lives, and brought back five persons from the wreck. The boat returned to the wreck later, and saved the remainder of those on hoard. The brave action of Grace Darling has been trumpeted throughout the world, and every civilized nation has translated her story into its own language. She was given a gold medal, and £100 was subscribed for her, and another £100 for her father. The little Australian girl is only fifteen years of age, but is entitled also to be regarded as a heroine. When driven out of her house by a bush fire, she took her little sisters to a creek and threw water over them and over herself until the heat became too great for them. She then took them to the only clear space near them, on the tramway road to a saw-mill, and, as sparks were still falling upon thom, she placed her body over

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George I. came over from Hanover to England with two paramours, and never bothered even to learn the English tongue. Writing of the conditions at the English Court at the time an oldJacobite poet wrote - The very dogs in England's Court, They bark and howl in German. Who has not heard of the Countess of Darlington, who was nick-named the " Elephant," and of her sister paramour who was known as the "giraffe?" Is it not common knowledge that some of the British nobility owe their titles to their descent from the paramours of British kings? No true Australian desires to perpetuate a practice which has had such results in the past, and the Prime Minister, if he desires to do so, has lost all sense of the true Australian spirit. The idea at the bottom of the granting of titles was the perpetuation of class distinctions. It has had the effect of keeping the classes apart in the Old Country, and even to-day, in the midland counties of England, there are still to be found indications of the lack of spirit which was responsible for the old prayer - Bless the squire and his relations, And keep us in our proper stations. In the United States of America, it was never found necessary to bestow titles. The citizens of America gave of their very best to the great republic of the west without looking for such a bauble. There is no titled person in British history who could compare with Abraham Lincoln, and none who could stand beside Washington for service rendered to his country. Is there any one who can claim to have rendered more distinguished service to his country than men like Garfield and Wilson rendered to America? I believe that it is too soon after his death to appreciate properly the service rendered by the late President Wilson. All these men gave of their very best without looking for titles. In the Commonwealth of Australia, what greater names can we revere than those of Charles Cameron Kingston, the great democrat of South Australia; Alfred Deakin, the democrat of Victoria; Chief Justice Higinbotham, of Victoria; Dick Seddon, of New Zealand; and Fisher, of Queensland. Surely, we can say with the poet - Kind hearts are more than coronets,

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Co-operation with States in matters affecting the welfare of aboriginal tribes ; The half-caste problem; Allocation of assistance to Aboriginal Mission Stations; Any other matters which will assist the welfare of aboriginals and halfcastes. That three members of the House of Representatives be appointed to serve on such committee, and that such members shall be Mr. Aubrey Abbott, Mr. Forde, and the mover. That the committee have power to send for persons, papers, and records, to move from place to place, and to sit during any adjournment of the Parliament. That a message be sent to the Senate requesting its concurrence, and asking that two members of the Senate be appointed to serve upon such committee. It is fitting that in this, the first session of the National Parliament in our own Capital and Territory, attention should be directed to the obligation which the nation owes to the oboriginal races of Australia. At the official opening of Parliament on the 9th May last wesaw in Canberra the sole surviving member of the aboriginal tribes that for centuries past roamed over this area. The last Tasmanian black went out of existence over 50 years ago, while in Victoria, South Aus tralia, and New South Walesthe black fellow is almost extinct. In the other States of Australia and the Northern Territory, too, his may justly be termed a vanishing race. There is no reason why that race should vanish from Australia. I believe it is possible to save it. and to make the aboriginal useful to our civilization. The Australian black is the only living representative of man as he was in a pre-historic epoch of his story, and is, therefore, of great interest to scientists. Quite recently a very eminent American professor visited Australia in order to study our aboriginal, indicating that other countries realize that he is fast dying out, and that they wish to know more about him before he entirely disappears. We all know what has happened to the Red Indian of America, and to aboriginals of other countries, Who has read, unmoved, that stirring book by Zane Grey, The Vanishing Race, and that by Eenimore Cooper, The Last of the Mohicans. Ifwe fail to make some energetic endeavour to save our aborigines, similar epitaphs will soon be written about them. I use the term "vanishing'*' advisedly. Undoubtedly a certain amount of killing has taken place, accounting for the death of many of our aboriginals, and there are other reasons for their disappearance. The altered conditions of living which have been forced upon them by the advance of civilization has taken toll of many. The unfortunate black has been pushed back and back by the settler, and has had to retire from his bountiful hunting grounds, leaving them in possession of the acquisitive white man. It is pitiful to see the remnants of the race that exist in our outback, such as those who may be seen along the East- West railway. Diseaseis another reason for their disappearance. While visiting the Northern Territory I was at the Government Station, "Mataranka," on one of the banks of the Roper River, and saw sitting alongside one of the many hot-water springs to be found in that locality three blind native women. I asked a male black whether there were any more blind in the neighbourhood, and he replied. " All about," meaning that they were the only three. The blindness of those three blacks was caused by syphilis. The position of the black -women lodged at the compound in Darwin, when I was there, was pitiful. If honorable members were familiar with the disease, "granuloma," they would shudder at the thought of what I saw. Something must be done for these unfortunate people. The third cause of the extermination of our natives is direct killing. I shall delve into some ancient history to show honorable members how little things have changed in a century. I have obtained from the library a book which contains a number of cuttings from reports which appeared in the early Sydney newspapers relating to our aboriginals. A poem entitled "The Lament of the Last Tas manian Aboriginal " is preceded by the following explanatory note : - The" chapter which relates the fate of the aboriginal inhabitants of Tasmania is one of the most melancholy in history. That island was first settled in 1S03. The number of the aborigines at the time is unknown. In 1815, however, after more than a dozen years of unceasing butchery, they were believed to amount to about 5,000. It is stated in the Herald of the 2nd February, 1859, that in five years from that time they were reduced to 340 souls. Three years ago only sixteen were left; and it is added: "It is, therefore, more than probable that in a few years the race will be utterly extinct." The last Tasmanian aboriginal died in 1S76. I wish also to quote from a book entitled The Aborignes of Australia, written by Mr. R. J. Flanagan, which refers to the Myall Creek tragedy that occurred in 1S39. The blacks in question were driven from their hunting ground. The extract reads : - A number of stockmen and shepherds in the district, being enraged at some depredations committed among the cattle and sheep for which they were held responsible, sallied out in force, and, coming on an obnoxious tribe at their camping place, on a squatter's station, seized the entire body, and marching them to a lonely spot, put them all to death, under circumstances of most appalling atrocity. The magistrates > in the district, being made aware of the circumstances, had the men supposed to be implicated arrested and sent to Sydney, where, on a second trial, having been previously acquitted, they were, seven in number, found guilty of murder, and executed. That is one of the few instances that can be found in which the natives were avenged. Respecting the notorious Cribble case, which occurred in 1926, T quote the following statement from Mr. Gribble's report, which appeared in the Argus on the 8th March, 1927 : -

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Captain Harrison disallowed my appeal, but said it would be forwarded to Navy Office for their consideration when we reached Newcastle on the 13th September. On the 15th September I was transferred to Long Bay Penitentiary, where I received the same treatment as other prisoners. Time after time I wrote to theBrisbane and to the Navy Office to ask about the appeal, but it was not until half my sentence was completed that I received word through the governor that Navy Office could not consider any appeal. So for three months I suffered all that a prisoner can suffer, with the added knowledge that my allotment to my wife was stopped, and she was left to shift for herself. On 28th November, 1928, I was discharged from Long Bay and from the Navy, without being paid the £40 deferred pay due to me. I wrote to the Naval Secretary twice before being informed that having been discharged from the Service, " Services no longer required," I was not entitled to payment. Shortly after my release I went aboard the Brisbane, in order to obtain a copy of the Summary of Evidence, but the Commander refused to see me,but said that Navy Office would not allow me a copy. Finally, I was ordered off the ship, and since then I. believe a notice has been posted on Garden Island to the effect that I am to be refused entry to the island or to any of H.M. Ships. Molineux, Ex Stoker, H.M.A.S. Brisbane. 25th January, 1929. Copy of Appeal. I, Walter Francis Molineux, stoker, official number 18154, hereby give notice of appeal against the sentence of 90 days' imprisonment in Long Bay Penitentiary, with hard labour, awarded me on board H.M.A.S. Brisbane, by Warrant No. 10, dated 31st August, 1928. The following are my grounds for appeal: - Warrant No. 10 was read under section 43 of the Naval Discipline Act, the charge being, "For that he then being a person subject to the Naval Discipline Act, was guilty of an act to the prejudice of good order and naval discipline in that he did type poetry, the subject matter of which is subversive to naval discipline." This alleged charge does not come under Article 43 of the Naval Discipline Act. vide Manual of Naval Law and Court Martial Procedure, page173 (Stevens, Clifford and Smith, 4th edition) : vide also section 43, note (p), page 77 of Admiralty Memorandum on Naval Court Martial Procedure. I have been punished on a charge which I definitely stated I did not understand, a definition of the said charge being refused meby Captain Harrison. In the absence of any proof of any intention on my part of publishing, distributing or otherwise communicating to a second party, or exhibiting in any shape or form the poetry which I typed, I have not committed a breach of naval discipline. The prosecution has proved nothing more than my admission - that I typed poetry. Iwish to have a full and careful reexamination and investigation of the case brought against me with a view to producing evidence which will prove that I am the victim of prejudice and conspiracy in so far as I was retained, in contravention of King's Regulations and Admiralty Instructions, article 1510, clause 2, in the engineer's office by a deliberate attempt to assist, inveigle and otherwise aid and abet my committing an offence which could be made the nature of a charge. I produced two witnesses in support of this, Chief Writer Meredith and a leading writer, name not known, who were told by the senior engineer, Lieutenant R. Rowlands, that I had been retained in the office with this purpose in view.

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- For writing that poem this young man was sent to Long Bay gaol for 90 days, without a court martial, and without a civil trial, because it was said that he tried to cause a mutiny.

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wide bay

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- I daresay that Senator Colebatch would have liked the Federal Capital to be established at Kalgoorlie. The Federal Capital, situated as it is on a fertile plateau, 2,000 feet above sea level, and surrounded by mountains which are snowclad in winter, must appeal to every Australian. Its summer climate must be appreciated by every one who has experienced the warmer climate of Queensland and the western part of New South Wales. Canberra, with its gardens, trees, and shrubs, presents a magnificent sight, and many tourists come here to view its beauties. I daresay that it will soon become the wish of every Australian to make a pilgrimage to Canberra so that, in after years, he may say that he has visited the Federal Capital, one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The climate of Canberra is in direct contrast to that of Queensland. In Canberra the winter is cold but bracing, but in Queensland it is mild and delightful. There we have the finest surfing beaches in the world. From Noosa Heads to Southport and Coolangatta stretches an unbroken line of surfing beaches and on them surf bathing is enjoyed throughout the year. As the poet says - The months for surfing, be good to remember, Are November to May, and May to November. One can journey in two hours from these surfing beaches to the mountain ranges of Queensland which are covered with dense native jungle. It is the finest bush in Australia. There are forests of great trees such as hoop and bunya pines, kauri, red and white cedars, and others which are used for furniture. Every Australian should visit this wonderful area which abounds with orchids, palms, ferns, flowering creepers, and gorgeous wild flowers. The best time to visit the native bush is in the spring. Queensland is a delightful change from Canberra. Its mountains are portion of the great dividing range in Australia, and its arboreal beauties are surpassed only in the Amazon Valley in Brazil. The best time to visit and enjoy this wonderland of Queensland is in the late winter or early spring when the oranges and mandarins have ripened and' the sugar crop is being harvested and not, as Senator Colebatch says, -during the crushing period. In the words of the poet - When the sugar is milling In cool crushing days ; When the sunshine in soft rays is spilling O'er broad Burnett ways; And the citrus are fruiting Full sweet to their cores, And the fish schools are there for the looting By Wide Bay's long shores.

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western port

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.- I am unable to agree with the proposal to substitute the name Griffith for Oxley. Oxley was one of the* great explorers of this continent. His explorations led to the development of Queensland. Griffith, on the other hand, attained fame as the Chief Justice of a continent. I propose to read, for the information of honorable members, the following quotation from the Australian Encyclopaedia in regard to the life of John Oxley: - Oxley. John (1781-1828), born in Yorkshire in 1 781. entered the Navy as a lad and reached Australia in H.M.S. Buffalo in 1802 as actinglieutenant ... In 1804 he helped Robbins to survey Western Port, and on the 1 8th March, 1805, was given his commission as lieutenant without examination , . . He again relumed to England in 18.10, but on the recommendation of Matthew Flinders was in July. 1811, appointed surveyor-general of New South Wales, and reached Sydney on the 1st January, 1812 . . . Macquarie employed him very actively beyond the Blue Mountains, where, in 1815, he planned the town of Bathurst . . . In 1S23 he was sent north along the coast to look for a new penal settlement site, and in the course of his voyage discovered the Brisbane river. In June, 1825, he commenced a survey of tho settled districts of the colony into counties and parishes, and was still engaged on this work when he died at Kirkham on the 20th May, 1828. Griffith was, as I have said, Chief Justice of a whole continent. Never before had any man been able to claim that great honour. It is stated that he received something like a total of £100,000 for his services to Queensland and as Chief Justice. When he accepted the position of Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, no provision wag. made for a pension upon his retirement. I have always held that there should be only one rate of pensiona sum sufficient for any man or woman to live upon in his or her declining years. Therefore honorable members can understand how I feel towards this man who drew from the public purse such a large sum of money. I opposed the granting of his pension. Had he lost his money by some unfortunate speculation I should have voted a pension for him. He was the only legislator in Australia to do anything really great in literature. His translation into vernacular English of the works of that great Italian poet, Dante Alighieri, placed him amongst the world's literary masters. However, while I pay that tribute to him, I must express my resentment at the way in which he held out his hand for a pension. Following upon the granting of this pension, I approached the Hon. W. A. Watt, the Acting Prime Minister of the day. That gentleman suggested that I should preset) t my claim to the Commissioner of Pensions, but what I wanted was to have a special act passed granting me the same pension as was given to Sir Samuel Griffith, because I intended to give to some deserving charity all that exceeded the amount of pension which, as I have previously said, should be not more than is sufficient to enable any man or woman to live upon in his or her declining years. Sitting suspended from 6.15 to 8 p.m. - When I requested the then Acting Prime Minister (Mr. Watt) to give me the same opportunity to obtain a large pension as was given to Sir Samuel Griffith, I had determined, had my request been successful, to devote the sum to charity; but it was not to be. I never thought that I should receive so many letters from people in all parts of Australia, stating that if I were entitled to receive a pension similar to that given to Sir Samuel Griffith, why should not they have the same privilege, and I can assure honorable members that I had great difficulty in answering them. Had I to decide between the name of a late Chief Justice and that of the explorer who discovered the Brisbane River, in . respect of this electorate, I should certainly prefer the name of the explorer. I seriously suggest to the Government that as we are soon to have an election, we should allow the people themselves to decide the name of this constituency. That could be done at little expense, and no more than a simple printed question need be submitted to the Queensland citizen for his or her decision. The people elect their representatives to this Parliament once in every three years. They are the creators of the Parliament. God himself has never created anything His equal or superior, yet the citizens of this country who are our creators allow us to make ourselves even more powerful than they are. I therefore suggest that the people of Queensland themselves,, should decide the name of this electorate.

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brisbane river

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.- I am unable to agree with the proposal to substitute the name Griffith for Oxley. Oxley was one of the* great explorers of this continent. His explorations led to the development of Queensland. Griffith, on the other hand, attained fame as the Chief Justice of a continent. I propose to read, for the information of honorable members, the following quotation from the Australian Encyclopaedia in regard to the life of John Oxley: - Oxley. John (1781-1828), born in Yorkshire in 1 781. entered the Navy as a lad and reached Australia in H.M.S. Buffalo in 1802 as actinglieutenant ... In 1804 he helped Robbins to survey Western Port, and on the 1 8th March, 1805, was given his commission as lieutenant without examination , . . He again relumed to England in 18.10, but on the recommendation of Matthew Flinders was in July. 1811, appointed surveyor-general of New South Wales, and reached Sydney on the 1st January, 1812 . . . Macquarie employed him very actively beyond the Blue Mountains, where, in 1815, he planned the town of Bathurst . . . In 1S23 he was sent north along the coast to look for a new penal settlement site, and in the course of his voyage discovered the Brisbane river. In June, 1825, he commenced a survey of tho settled districts of the colony into counties and parishes, and was still engaged on this work when he died at Kirkham on the 20th May, 1828. Griffith was, as I have said, Chief Justice of a whole continent. Never before had any man been able to claim that great honour. It is stated that he received something like a total of £100,000 for his services to Queensland and as Chief Justice. When he accepted the position of Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, no provision wag. made for a pension upon his retirement. I have always held that there should be only one rate of pensiona sum sufficient for any man or woman to live upon in his or her declining years. Therefore honorable members can understand how I feel towards this man who drew from the public purse such a large sum of money. I opposed the granting of his pension. Had he lost his money by some unfortunate speculation I should have voted a pension for him. He was the only legislator in Australia to do anything really great in literature. His translation into vernacular English of the works of that great Italian poet, Dante Alighieri, placed him amongst the world's literary masters. However, while I pay that tribute to him, I must express my resentment at the way in which he held out his hand for a pension. Following upon the granting of this pension, I approached the Hon. W. A. Watt, the Acting Prime Minister of the day. That gentleman suggested that I should preset) t my claim to the Commissioner of Pensions, but what I wanted was to have a special act passed granting me the same pension as was given to Sir Samuel Griffith, because I intended to give to some deserving charity all that exceeded the amount of pension which, as I have previously said, should be not more than is sufficient to enable any man or woman to live upon in his or her declining years. Sitting suspended from 6.15 to 8 p.m. - When I requested the then Acting Prime Minister (Mr. Watt) to give me the same opportunity to obtain a large pension as was given to Sir Samuel Griffith, I had determined, had my request been successful, to devote the sum to charity; but it was not to be. I never thought that I should receive so many letters from people in all parts of Australia, stating that if I were entitled to receive a pension similar to that given to Sir Samuel Griffith, why should not they have the same privilege, and I can assure honorable members that I had great difficulty in answering them. Had I to decide between the name of a late Chief Justice and that of the explorer who discovered the Brisbane River, in . respect of this electorate, I should certainly prefer the name of the explorer. I seriously suggest to the Government that as we are soon to have an election, we should allow the people themselves to decide the name of this constituency. That could be done at little expense, and no more than a simple printed question need be submitted to the Queensland citizen for his or her decision. The people elect their representatives to this Parliament once in every three years. They are the creators of the Parliament. God himself has never created anything His equal or superior, yet the citizens of this country who are our creators allow us to make ourselves even more powerful than they are. I therefore suggest that the people of Queensland themselves,, should decide the name of this electorate.

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rome

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Thu news of the last few days from Germany has deeply shocked public opinion in the United States. Such news from any part of the world would inevitably produce a similar profound reaction among American people in every part of the nation. 1, myself, could scarcely believe that such things could occur in 20th century civilization. With a view to gaining a first-hand picture of the situation in Germany, I have asked the Secretary of State (Mr. Hull) to order our ambassador in Berlin (Mr. Hugh Wilson) to return at once to report to me and to confer with Mr. Hull and myself. The report continues - There was a moment of stunned surprise among the journalists and then the President was bombarded with questions. He refused to amplify his statement. He said that it spoke for itself. Asked whether a formal protest had been sent to Germany, he replied: " None has yet been dispatched ", hut he' gave a hint that that might bc the next step. I hope it will he to the honour of the British race that it is first in the race to give the Jewish people a new home. My appeal on behalf of the J ewish race is based, not only on my love of humanity, but also on the gratitude which I feel for what they did for my mother close on 90 years ago. War! We talk about war. Why do we not call it murder? For murder it is. If from every pulpit preachers declaimed, " Thou shalt not kill ", there might be an end to all this talk. We are to-day, however, confronted with the need to defend Australia. The fear, of course, is' of a dictator. The tyrants of ancient Greece and Rome, we know from our reading of Plutarch, were magnificent men. Napoleon has been .eulogized by poets and writers, Byron among the poets, and Abbott, the American, among the writers. In Abbott's introduction to his Napoleon, he says - I have written this history as if I were on my dying bed, and would not wish to alter one single sentence. I commend to honorable members the book Blackmail or War, by Genevieve Tabouis, in which she says - Emil Ludwig, in his hook on Mussolini, reproduces a conversation which he had with the Duce. In a sudden burnt of frankness, which he rarely reveals, Mussolini told Ludwig that Fascism was bound to end with him. In the Italian edition, this statement was coyly omitted. Samuel Albert Rosa, in 1920, published The Invasion of Australia. The arguments he advanced then are sound to-day. I asked the following questions recently of the Minister for Defence - What are the estimated costs of up-to-date submarines as used by (a) the British Navy, and (6) the Italian Navy? What are the costs of up-to-date aeroplanes as used by the British Air Force? I received the following replies: - 1. (o) Costs vary from £230,000 to £500,000 (sterling) according to class and tonnage; No figures are available. The approximate average costs (landed in Australia and in Australia currency) of representative types of modern aircraft in use in the Royal Air Force are: - Primary trainer type, £2,000; fighter type. £9,000; bombers, from £9,000 to £40,000 per aircraft according to type; flying-boats, £00,000.

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newnes-capertee

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- Paragraph 2 a of the schedule of this bill empowers the Prime Minister to annul the only protection possessed by the workers who acquire homes from the company. The paragraph reads - Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause 12 of the said agreement..... and' the terms of the Deed of Covenant and Charge .... made by the company in favour of the Commonwealth the Prime Minister of the Commonwealth shall have power to release without any consideration the lands described in the schedule hereto from the provisions of clause 12 of the said agreement and of the said Deed of Covenant and Charge to the intent that such lands shall cease to be comprised in or subject to such Deed of Covenant and Charge and the Prime Minister may deliver up to the company all documents of title to any of the said lands. This at least gives the Commonwealth Government a right in the land, and by virtue of that right, a sympathetic government could protect workers from the exploiter. In view of the fact that the Commonwealth Government, with road included, is finding approximately £500,000 for this venture, why is power to be given to the Prime Minister to annul the only safeguard provided in the original agreement? No provision is being made in the bill to prevent the exploitation by land sharks of workers who acquire homes. Unscrupulous land speculators will be permitted to buy as many blocks as they wish, and to fix the price at which they are re-sold to the workers. Adequate provision should be made to curtail the activities of these unscrupulous speculators. Just as the Government finds it is necessary to assist private enterprise in the building of defence annexes for the manufacture of war material, so also is it necessary for the Government to finance workers who are engaged in the production of oil. so essential for our fighting force to build houses. I have no quarrel with the Government for its decision, to assist this company, but I contend that adequate safeguards should be provided for the protection of the employees of companies so assisted. Why should not the workers at GlenDavis be assisted to build their own homes by advances made through the Commonwealth Bank? The history of homebuilding ventures by private enterprise in the past, particularly by mining companies, has been an unhappy one. A mine of any description, once opened up, is a wasting asset; the life of most mines rarely extends beyond 40 years. I venture to say that the life of the shale oil deposits in the Newnes-Capertee valley will not exceed 30 years. After these deposits have been exploited what will be the position of the workers who have acquired homes from the company, particularly those who have acquired building blocks from land sharks at an exorbitant price? After 30 years the homes purchased by the workers at Glen Davis will not be worth a " bumper ". It will be a deserted village. In the words of the poet Goldsmith - Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates, and men decay. Although certain protection was afforded by the terms of clause 12 of the original agreement this bill now proposes that the Prime Minister may deliver up to the company all lands comprised in the deed of covenant. It will be found that the company which, in the words of the Assistant Minister has, " generously offered to make advances for home building " will, in the final result, own not only the lands comprised in the covenant but also the whole of the improvements of the town of Glen Davis.

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earth

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We hope that, in spite of such disappointment and disillusionment, victory will soon beachieved, and that, after thewar, therewill be greater social security. If the post-war orderis to hold more worth-while things for the people of Australia it is necessary that steps be takennow to prepare for the future. Notwithstanding the present dark days I believe inthe future of Australia as I am reminded of thewords of the poet Wordsworth who, in 1804, when Englandwas in a position almost comparable to that of to-day, wrote - It is not to be thought of that the flood Of British freedom, which, to the open sea Of the world's praise, from dark antiquity Hath flowed. Should perish; and to evil and to good Be lost for ever. In our halls is hung Armoury of the invincible knights of old: We must be free or die, who speak the tongue That Shakespeare spake; the faith and morals hold Which Milton held. In every thingwe are sprung Of Earth's first blood, have titles manifold.

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sargasso sea

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.- 1 congratulate the Minister for Social Services upon having introduced a fine bill. Honorable members will recall that for many years Australia and its sister dominion New Zealand were in the forefront in social legislation. Then there came a thin time. For various reasons there was a slowing down of social legislation and we seemed to have become becalmed in the doldrums, entangled in the weeds of Sargasso Sea, and we moved little or not at all. Recently, however, there has been a very encouraging and heartening move forward. I am wondering whether the war is responsible. The struggle in which we are engaged has taught us, amongst other things, the value, the sacredness and the greatness of the home and home life. Everything that is worth while - Christianity, civilization, sanctity, art, and all such things - have their source in the home. That, I believe, is the reason foi the quickening of tha conscience of the people. More and more human life has come to have greater value. As John Buskin said, there is no wealth but the home life. I am delighted that members of the Opposition1 are supporting this bill. It proves that there is no monopoly of goodness or humanity on any side of the House. I was struck particularly with the expressions of the honorable member for Parramatta (Sir Frederick Stewart) and the honorable member for Flinders (Mr. Ryan).' Pensions for widows and orphans has been a plank of the Labour party's platform for many years. The policy was restated in the amended platform decided upon at the federal conference of the Australian Labour party held at Canberra in May, 1939. Child endowment was recently introduced, and, earlier this week Parliament passed a bill to make important amendments to the Invalid and Old-age Pensions Act. This bill represents another rung in the ladder of a complete plan of social security. Wc must build the entire ladder in order to make this country a place to which our soldiers will be happy to return and in which destitution will be unknown. The bill foreshadows, in a small way, the conditions to which Tennyson referred in these lines from his poem " Locksley Hall"- Men, my brothers, men the workers, ever reaping something new: That which they have done but earnest of the things that they shall do: l.n this age of mechanized industry, when every nerve is strained, the slightest lack of co-ordination between hand and brain on the part of a worker may cause instant death. A young man and a young woman who love each other may decide to fulfil their destiny and make a home together. If the man makes one slip at his work, the woman who started married life with high hopes may become a widow, and her children, with all the promise of the world before them, may be made fatherless. We in this Parliament should be custodians of these widows and children; that is virtually wha t we will become when this bill is made law. In these days there are many fatal accidents by field and flood. I was not astonished to be told by the Prime Minister (Mr. Curtin) that 16,000 deaths occur annually amongst males between the agc of 20 years and 40 years. We must look after the widows of these workers, and we must care particularly for their children, because each of these little ones is worth more to the nation than his. or her weight in gold. I understand that the scheme proposed in this bill will provide for payments to approximately 30,000 widows and 21,000 orphans. A widow's pension will be at the rate of 25s. a week, and she will receive 5s. a week for the first of her children, if any. The other children are already provided for in a small measure under the child endowment scheme. I am pleased that the term " widow " will cover any wife whose husband is in an institution for the insane and to any wife whose husband has deserted her. I am pleased also that orphanages will he paid allowances in respect of the children whom they are maintaining.

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What some people realize who are not afraid to be called reactionaries or any other term of abuse which may be applied to them, isthat so much of what is suggested by the reconstructionists will fail. We shall be a desperately poor nation after this war. Our resources are being devoured at an alarming rate. We shall have to live very austerely. I think it is a shame to raise false hopes in people's minds. We had enough of that after the last war, when we were told that we were going to have a land fit for heroes to live in. Many of the people who are now so prominent in talking about reconstruction are precisely the people who are largely responsible for the fact that we were unprepared when this war was forced upon us. They were in favour of disarmament; they did all in their power to prevent, young men from enlisting. Even when we were on the brink of war they opposed conscription. Such people's judgment is therefore to be distrusted. Though potentially we maybe on the road to victory, actually the position of the Allies is very serious. Japan is knocking at the gates of India. The whole of Europe is living under the Nazi terror, and as yet we have had no really great success. " One thing at a time " is not a bad motto, and our aim, certainly at the moment, should be to win the war. Every word of that letter is common sense. We shall be desperately poor after we have continued the struggle to the point of complete victory - not a stalemate. We must face the hard facts; we cannot " shy off " them and pretend that they are not there. We must grapple with the problems confronting us. To say that we are going to have such a wonderful world by and by, when, today, we are faced with the greatest peril this country has every known, is foolish. Let us concentrate on the job in hand. I hold in my hand a poem which was written in 1919. It is really a prophecy. It is worth reading over and over again in order to get its contents firmly into one's mind. The poem was discovered only quite recently. It was written by that great seer, singer, novelist and writer, the late Rudyard Kipling, and was published recently in the National Review. Because it is apropos of this budget, and the position in which we find ourselves to-day, I propose to read it. Its title is The Gods of the Copybook Heading's - As I pass through my incarnations in every age and race, I make my proper prostrations to the Gods of the Market Place. Peering through reverent fingers I watch them flourish and fall, And the Gods of the Copybook Headings, I notice outlast them all. We were living in trees when they met us. They showed us each in turn That Water would certainly wet us, as Fire would certainly burn: But we found them lacking in Uplift, Vision and Breadth of Mind, So we left them to teach the Gorillas while we followed the March of Mankind. We moved as the Spirit listed. They never altered their pace, Being neither cloud nor windborne like the Gods of the Market Place, But they always caught up with our progress, and presently word would come That a tribe had been wiped off its icefield, or the lights had gone out in Rome. With the Hopes that our World is built on they were utterly out of touch, They denied that the world was Stilton; they denied she was even Dutch; They denied that wishes were Horses; they denied that a Pig had wings; So we worshipped the Gods of the Market who promised these beautiful things. When the Cambrian measures were forming, they promised perpetual peace. They swore, if we gave them our weapons, that the wars of the tribes would cease. But when we disarmed they sold us and delivered us bound to our foe, And the Gods of the Copybook Headings said " Stick to the Devil you know ". On the first Feminian Sandstones we were promised the Fuller Life (Which started by loving our neighbour and ended by loving his Wife) Till our women had no more children and the men lost reason and faith, And the Gods of the Copybook Headings said: "The Wages of Sin is Death". In the Carboniferous Epoch we were promised abundance for all, By robbing selected Peter to pay for collective Paul; But, though we had plenty of money, there was nothing our money could buy, And the Gods of the Copybook Headings said: "If you don't work you Die."

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suez

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- I once heard some one say, "God help England ifRudyard Kipling should ever become Poet Laureate ". I recall the following lines in The Road to Mandalay: - Ship me somewhere east of Suez, Where the best is like the worst, Where there ain't no Ten Commandments, And a man can raise a thirst. That is more typical of the late Rudyard Kipling than the poem just read by Senator Sampson. Barrack Room Ballads helps to disperse the sympathetic thoughts with which, the honorable senator wished to inspire us.

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C river ord

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river ord

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His Royal Highness referred also to the fact that the Leader of the Senate (Senator Keane), as Minister for Trade and Customs, had recently visited the United States of America and Canada, and had participated in important discussions on matters relating to the procurement of war supplies from North America. We are informed that arrangements have now been finalized for the continuation of full-scale lend-lease aid to Australia. That achievement speaks for itself. The Minister for Trade and Customs has done a splendid job in the interests of this country, not only from the point of view of his own department, but also, according to press reports, by placing the Australian view-point before the people of the United States of America and Canada. We are looking forward to the presentation in this chamber of the Minister's report, which I am sure will be indicative of the magnitude of the task, and of the importance of the achievements in regard to reciprocal aid. Other Ministers also have rendered a great service to Australia in the international sphere. The Minister for Air (Mr. Drakeford), the Attorney-General (Dr. Evatt), the former Minister for Supply and Shipping (Mr. Beasley), the Minister for the Army (Mr. Forde), and last but not least, the Prime Minister (Mr. Curtin) himself whom I believe placed Australia on the map so far as international relations are concerned, have all made worthy contributions to Australia's prestige. Undoubtedly, more international conferences will be held, and it is up to us to send as our representatives to these gatherings the most able men available. The experience and knowledge which they obtain in this way will be of value to Australia, not only in the immediate future, but also throughout our post-war reconstruction programme. Reference was made by His Royal Highness to the disastrous drought and its effect upon the food front in this country at a time when maximum production was required. Forty years before Japan moved towards the South-West Pacific, the greatest of all Australian poets, Henry Lawson, warned of the time when this country would be faced with " an enemy at the harbour gate, and a raging drought behind ". Australia let Henry Lawson starve, and then, when he died, erected a bronze statue to bis memory. At that time the people of this country were not sufficiently educated on such matters as the fundamental causes of soil erosion to take heed of the warnings given by Henry Lawson. After all, what could a poet be expected to know of irrigation or national defence? Possibly, because of their ignorance, the Australian people were justified in adopting that attitude,but in the light of scientific discoveries, there is no excuse for us to-day. The late Dr. Bradfield, Ion Idriess, William Hatfield, F. R. V. Timbury, Brunston Fletcher, and many other authors, have dealt at length with this matter, pointing to the danger of procrastination, and advancing ideals which, in their opinion, constitute the solution of the problem. It is estimated that of 200,000,000 acres of land formerly under cultivation in Australia, 60,000,000 have now been rendered worthless. This loss is continuing at the rate of 2,000,000 acres a year. Obviously, the problem is one demanding our immediate and urgent attention. The Bradfield plan, the Idriess "Boomerang plan ", and other projects must be investigated fully and definite and immediate action taken not only to arrest, but also ultimately to remove for all time, this menace which threatens to destroy vast areas of this continent. Experts agree that the fundamental cause of the problem is to be found in the interior - the so-called " dead heart " of Australia. Closer in, denudation has been caused by over-stocking, and in the agricultural districts, particularly the. Mallee, by incorrect methods of farming and the removal of trees, shrubs and heritage which formed a natural binder for the soil. Probably there are many other contributory causes, most of which, no doubt, are known to experts and scientists who specialize in the study of soil erosion. These factors must receive our immediate attention, and must be dealt with in the light of our scientific knowledge of the subject. Water conservation, afforestation, irrigation, reticulation, and education are all part and parcel of the solution which goes much farther than merely indicating to the farmer the correct method of working land or telling the grazier the number of sheep that he should run on his property to get it back to normal. The price of land, and farmers' commitments to the banks must also be taken into consideration. A national system of debt adjustment must be implemented in cooperation with the States to enable farmers to join in a general plan of rehabilitation. . The whole question of what constitutes a fair and reasonable price for land must be explored, decided and stabilized to ensure that land values shall not be inflated and thereby undermine the fundamental structure of a national plan. The problem in the interior of this continent is such that its solution demands huge schemes of water conservation, irrigation, reticulation and afforestation on a scale unprecedented in the history of Australia, and whether we like it or not we must face this problem and implement national projects which are essential for the future welfare of Australia. These projects are part of a general pattern for the building up of our population to the degree necessary to defend this country in any future wars. Already the Government of Western Australia has taken the initiative and has decided to harness the River Ord in the east Kimberly ranges. Plans for this project are being prepared, and the work will proceed as rapidly as possible. The chief engineer of the Government of Western Australia highly commends the scheme, and has given an estimate of the fertile country which will be brought under cultivation when the project is completed. This, indeed, is a big step in the right direction, calling in no uncertain manner for repetition, not once but many times, and clearly pointing the road which must be travelled if Australia is to become the nation we all desire it will be in the post-war period - a nation capable of defending itself against any aggressor, and of providing its people with a standard of living and a degree of human happiness never before attained in the history of mankind. This should be our immediate post-war project. We must call upon every one who has at heart the future welfare of this great and glorious nation to play his part. Then, when these ideals have been achieved, we shall be able to say in all sincerity, and with all the fervour at our command - ` There is a land where floating free From mountain top to girdling sea A proud flag waves exultingly; And Freedom's sons the banner bear, No shackled slave can breathe the air, Fairest of Britain's daughters fair,

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C black sea

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black sea

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I commend that paragraph to- honorable members opposite for their study. When the Minister was pressed he said that he was referring to Great Britain and France. Nothing could be further from the truth, however. The statesmen of Great Britain knew the position. Mr. Chamberlain tried to ward off what he knew would be a world calamity. He did not run away from any one, and it was he who eventually declared war on Germany when that country broke faith with Poland. Yet, in the whole of the Minister's statement, there is not a word of approval for what Great Britain has done, nor one of sympathy with Great Britain in the difficulties now confronting that country. We know that Russia is pressing out to the west, south and east; that it is trying to Sovietize the Balkans, so as to gain access to the Mediterranean. Great Britain, whose soldiers cleared the Germans out of Greece, was asked to- keep forces there until elections were held, and the people could say what sort of government they wanted. As a reward for this, Great Britain was attacked by Russia before the United Nations. Is there anything in the .Minister's statement sympathizing with Great Britain for the loss of British lives in the performance of this duty? Not a word. Neither is there any praise foi' the stand taken by Great Britain in Java where, at the request of the Allies, British troops are restoring order. British lives havebeen lost on this work, which is one of peace, not of conquest. No support, however, has been forthcoming for the British Government from the authorities in Australia. When Russia was most gravely threatened during the war, Britain sprang to its help. The British equipped ten divisions of Russian troops with armour and supplied enough cloth to Russia for uniforms and overcoats to stretch from theWhite Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south. British convoys carried food and arms and oil to Russia at great hazard from the enemy. Great Britain made a twenty- year peace pact with Russia, and I happened to be in the House of Commons when the proposal was brought down, and I heard how it was received with acclamation. It was hoped that, when the war was over, we would live in peace and concord with the Russians. Yet it is Russia that is now taking the offensive by breaking all the treaties, and abandoning the high aspirations that were encouraged at that time. I should like to refer to a poem by A. P. Herbert, the noted humorist and author, who, as honorable members know, is a member of the House of Commons. With the permission of the House I shall incorporate the poem in Hansard. It reads - Let's have less nonsense from the friends of Joe; We laud, we love him, but the nonsense - No. In 1940, when we bore the brunt, We could have done, boys, with a second front, A continent went down a cataract, But Russia did not think it right to act. Not ready?No. And who shall call her wrong? Far better not to strike till you are strong. Better, perhaps (tho'this was not our fate), To make new treaties with, the man you hate. Alas! These shy manoeuvres had to end When Hitler leaped upon his largest friend; (And if he'd not, I wonder, . by the way, if Russia would be in the war to-day?) But Who rushed out to aid the giant then - A giant rich in corn, and oil, and men, Long, long prepared, and having, so they say, The most enlightened leader of the day? This tiny island, antiquated, tired, Effete, capitalist, and uninspired! This tiny island, wounded in the war Through taking tyrants on two years before. This tiny isle of muddles and mistakes - Having a front on every wave that breaks. We might have said, " Our shipping's on the stretch - You shall have all the tanks that you can fetch ". But that is not the way We fight this war; We give them tanks, and take them to the door. And now, we Will Not hear from any one That it is not for us to hate the Hun. It does not profit much to sing this tune.. But those who prod, cannot be quite immune, And those who itch to conquer and to kill Should waste less breath on tubs on Tower Hill. Honour the Kremlin, boys, but now and then Admit some signs of grace at Number Ten. We must do everything to-day to establish the greatest possible degree of Empire unity.

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C great barrier reef

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great barrier reef

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- Then, I suppose, we shall have to deal with them one at a time. Twenty-three books have been published by the fund, eight have been approved and are in the course of publication, and 22 have been republished in the pocket library series. With the consent of the House, I shall incorporate in Hansard a list of the fellowship and the books - Name - Purpose for which Fellowship granted. Frank Dalby Davison - Completion of a volume of short stories and the writing of a novel. Xavier Herbert - Completion of a novel entitled Yellow Fellow, dealing with the half-caste problem in Australia. Stella Miles Franklin - Biography dealing with the life and legend of Joseph Furphy (Tom Collins) . Doris Boake Kerr - Novel of Melbourne life in the gold-fields period. Mrs Ernestine Hill ; Completion of work on Matthew Flinders ; Lover. Marjorie Clark - A novel dealing with contemporary life in Melbourne. Marjorie Barnard - An historical novel based on research in the Mitchell Library. J. Brady - To continue the compilation of a book under the title Two Frontiers. Roy Connolly-Novel dealing with the freakishness of heredity. J. Baker - Dictionary of Australian language. Mrs. K. S. Throssell (Katharine Susannah Prichard) ; A novel set in the goldfields of Western Australia. J H. M. Abbott - A volume on the Newcastle packets and the HunterRiver District. Dame Mary Gilmour ; Her biography. J. Brady- Life of the late J. F. Archibald. Jean Devanny - Stories of typical Australian men and women against the background of the war. James Dcvaney - Life of the late John Shaw Neilson. S. MacDonald - Work on Australian art. Tomholt - Dramatic work on Lachlan Macquarie. FrankReid (Bill Bowyang) - History of the Great Barrier Reef - its romance, adventure and tragedy. Mrs. Daisy Bates ; Preparation of a booklet of native stories for children. Eric Muspratt - Stories of life in the Royal Australian Navy. Roy Bridges - An historical novel on Port Arthur. Brian Vrepont - To finish a poetic drama and: write a novel on present-day Australia. Ian Mudie - A volume on the disappearing Murray and DarlingRivers paddle steamers. Dymphna Cusack - Completion of a novel set in war-time Australia. F. Flexmore Hudson - The writing of a volume of critical essays on the work of Australian poets and a novel of life in an Australian capital and in country townships during the last 30 years. BettyRoland - Novel based on her early experiences in the literary and artistic life of Melbourne. M. Green - A critical history of Australian literature. John Morrison - Completion and revision of a novel set in the Dandenong Ranges of Victoria, dealing with the growth, through two generations, of a typical community in those parts. N.Rawling - Life of Charles Harpur. Paul L. Grano - Book on satire in Australia. P. Mountford - Completion of a book dealing with his experiences whilst in charge of an anthropological expedition sent out by the University of Adelaide to investigate the life and customs of the aborigines of the Western Desert of Central Australia. Cut from Mulga - E. J. Moll. Wooden Hookers - Mrs. Bede Maxwell. (A story of the early emigrant ships. ) National Portraits - Vance Palmer. (Twentyone biographical studies of men who have contributed something to national life in Australia.) Black Australians - Paul Hasluck. (An historical research into the aboriginal problem in Western Australia.) Collected poems of Bernard O'Dowd. Life and work of A. G. Stephens. Verse by Frederick Macartney. Poems by Lesbia Harford. Not Onlyin Stone - Phyllis Somerville. (A story of Cornish settlers in South Australia.) Stage plays - Daybreak - Catheri ne Shepherd. Red Sky atMorning - Dymphna Cusack. Poems by Ethel Anderson. High Bill at Midnight - Don Edwards. Poetical works of " Furnley Maurice ". The SouthernCross and Other Plays - Louis Esson. InsideParliament - Warren Denning.

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C hunter river

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hunter river

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With regard to the shipment of steel products generally, housing requirements are given absolute priority over materials for all other purposes, but the Australian Shipping Board endeavours to make special arrangements whenever acute shortages of steel products for agricultural requirements are brought to its notice. Commonwealth Literary Fund. Mr. Chifley. On the 7th May, the right honorable member for Cowper (Sir Earle Page) asked the following questions in regard to the award of fellowships by the Commonwealth Literary Fund : - How many fellowships have been awarded by the Commonwealth Literary Fund during the past six years? To whom were the awards made? For what purpose the fellowship was granted in each case? What previous writing had been published by these fellows? Have any fellowships been refused? If so, to whom and for what reason. In reply to the right honorable member's questions, the following information is furnished : - Twenty-four fellowships have been awarded by the fund during the past six years. 2 and 3 - J. Baker - Dictionary of Australian Language. Mrs. K. S. Throssell (Katherine Susannah Pritchard) A novel set in the goldfields of Western Australia. H. M. Abbott - A volume on the Newcastle packets and the Hunter River district. Dame Mary Gilmore Her biography. J. Brady-Life of the late J. F. Archibald. Jean Devanny - Stories of typical Australian men and women against the background of the war. James Devaney - Life of the late John Shaw Neilson. S. McDonald - Work on Australian art. Tombolt - Dramatic . work on Lachlan Macquarie. Frank Reid (Bill Bowyang) - History of the Great Harrier Reef - Its romance, adventure and tragedy. Mrs. Daisy Bates Preparation of a booklet of native stories for children. Eric Muspratt - Stories of life in the Royal Australian Navy. Roy Bridges - An historical novel on Port Arthur. Brian Vrepont - To finish a poetic drama and write a novel on present-day Australia. Ian Mudie - A volume on the disappearing Murray and Darling, Rivers paddle stea mers. Dymphua Cusack - Completion of a novel set in war-time Australia. F. Flexmore Hudson - The writing of a volume of critical essays on the work of Australian poets and a novel of life in an Australian capital and in country townships during the last 30 years. Betty Roland - Novel based on her early experiences in the literary and artistic life of Melbourne. M. Green - A critical history of Australian literature. John Morrison - Completion and revision of a novel set in the Dandenong Ranges of Victoria, dealing with the growth, through two generations, of a typical community in those parts. Lewis Lett - Life of Sir Hubert Murray. J. N. Rawling - Life of Charles Harpur. Paul L. Grano - Book on satire in Australia. P. Mountford - Completion of a book dealing with his experiences whilst in charge of an anthropological expedition sent out by the University of Adelaide to investigate the life and customs of the aborigines of the Western Desert of Central Australia. 4- J. Baker - New Zealand slang, " Pidgin " English and dialect. Mrs. K. S. Throssell (Katherine Susannah Pritchard) The Pioneers. Windleshowy. Black Opal Working Bullocks. Coonardoo.Kiss on the Lips. Wild Oats of Han. Haxby's Circus. Intimate Strangers. The Earth Lover (verse). BrumbyInnes (play). (Translations of various works have been made into French, German, Russian, Czech, Hungarian, and Danish.) H. M. Abbott - Tommy Cornstalk. Plain and Veldt. An Outlander in England. The South Seas. Letters from Queer Street. The Sign of the Serpent. William Dampier. Sally. The Governor's Man. Cartle Vane. Ensign Colder. Sydney Cove. Dogsnose. The King's School. The 'Newcastle Packets.

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C harrap

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harrap

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James Devaney - Fabian (verse). The Currency Lass. The Vanished Tribes. Earth Kindred (verse). Where the Wind Goes (verse). Shaw Neilson. S. McDonald - Articles in Art in Australia, Art Critic - Herald, Melbourne; Monographs - David Davies: G. W. Lambert; Broadcasts, &c. ; Catalogues, Sydney and Melbourne galleries. SydneyTomholt - Bleak Dawn and Other Plays. Represented in The Best One Act Plays of 1936 (Harrap, London). Represented in Best Australian One-Act Plays. Play revision work for Angus and Robertson. Frank Reid - 30 years' contribution of articles, short stories, &c, to Australian newspapers and magazines. Edited Bill Bowyang's Magazine, The Fighting Cameliers. Toilers of theReef (Juvenile ) . Erie Muspratt - My South Sea Island. Wild Oats. The Journey Home. Greek Seas. Ambition. Going Native. Russia Plans the Future. The Life of Unk White Forty years. (Several of these books have been serialized in London, Paris, Vienna, Prague, &c.) Roy Bridges - B.A. University of Tasmania, 1905, in English and Ancient History. History - From Silver to Steel. - romance of the Broken Hill Proprietary. One Hundred Years - romance of the Victorian people. Negrohead (pubished in London). Trinity (published in London). Cloud (published in London). Soul from the Sword (published in London). These Were Thy Merchants (published in London). The House of Fendon (published in London). Sullivan's Bay (published in London). The Fugitive (published in London). Fires of Hate (published in London). The Bubble Moon (published in London). Merchandise (published in London). Green Butterflies (published in London). Gates of Birth (published in London). A Mirror of Silver. The Vats of Tyre. Legion, For We Are Many. Brian Vrepont - Articles, Reviews, Verse. Marjorie Ann (children's verse). Beyond the Claw, C. J. Dennis Memorial Prize Winner 1939. Verse drama, Jungle Flame. Ian Mudie - The Christmas Kangaroo. The A ustralian Dream. Corroboree to the Sun. Their Seven Stars Unseen. Poems: 1934-1944. This is Australia. Poets at War. Dymphna Cusack - Jungfrau. Pioneers on Parade (in collaboration with M. Franklin). Red Sky at Morning (play). Morning Sacrifice (play). Comets Soon Pass (play). Mary Reibey (historical biography). Shallow Cups. F. Flexmore Hudson - English, French (Major) and Latin in B.A. Course. Australian Correspondent for Briarcliff Quarterly, New York. Editor Poetry - Australian quarterly of verse. Contributor to various literary journals, including Meanjin Papers, Southerly Letters (N.Z. ), Melbourne Trainee, Jindyworobak Anthologies, Australian Poetry (Angus and Robertson), Fellowship. Reviewer for Fellowship (journal of the Australian Fellowship of Writers). Ashes and Sparks (verse). In the Winds Teeth (verse and versedrama). The Child Discovers Poetry (aesthetics). With the First Soft Rain (poems).Indelible Voices (along poem lines). As Iron Hills (selected poems). Treatise on Poetry and a Children's Anthology of Original Verse. (Has studied for fifteen years literary criticism and poetry of England, France, Italy, Russia, America, China. Also Sanskrit and classical Greek and Latin poetry.) Betty Roland - The Touch of Silk (play). Morning. Are You Ready, Comrade. Don Quixote. Represented in Best Australian One-Act Plays. M. Green - The Happy Valley (verse). The Book of Beauty. An Outline of Australian Literature. The Poetry of W. B. Yeats (booklet). Midsummer Night's Dream. Wentworth as OratorChristopher Brennan. Fourteen Minutes (wireless talks). Editor Australian Poetry 1943. (Has been a student of Australian literature for the last 20 or 30 years, and has lectured on this subject at the Universities of Sydney and Brisbane.)

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C lake george

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lake george

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Moreover, the Seat of Government Acceptance Act gives warrant for the proposals contained in the bill. The Commonwealth cannot be accused of assuming rights which do not belong to it. Indeed, the Commonwealth is standing on very sound ground. If we are not standing on the firm ground of legality, we are certainly on the firm ground of popular approbation. For the sake of defence, for the sake of full employment, for the sake of the development and the wellbeing of this country, for God's sake let us get on with this great national project which has been mouldering in the pigeonholes of government departments for more than 60 years. The most arid part of Australia is not to be found in the mallee, or in the great dead heart, hut in the departmental pigeon-holes where this plan has mouldered for more than half a century. Because this nation to-day has a government with sufficient drive and initiative behind it to implement the project it is assailed by the Leader of the Opposition on the ground that the project is of doubtful validity. The right honorable gentleman played on the fears of the States. He quibbled at the inclusion in one clause of the bill of a reference to the supply of electrical energy and water to this city of Canberra. A quibble of that kind amounts almost to perversion of outlook. I should like to see in the plan a fluming back of waters from this scheme to make of Canberra a capital city of which we are proud - a city to challenge comparison with the other great cities of the world. I should like to see fountains like those of Versailles playing in Canberra. If we can fill all our projected lakes which at present are merely dry spots in our paddocks, and if we can do something about keeping up the level of water in Lake George, we shall achieve a great deal for Canberra. All that, however, is by the way. To revert to the city man's idea of the Snowy Mountains scheme I give this measure my unqualified support. This plan, this gigantic national project has captured the imagination of the city as well as the country. The perplexities of city life in the recent post-war years, its black-outs, its breakdowns, the growing pains of an expanded economy stretched to breaking point, and the need for more, power by hydro-electric schemes have made us aware of the dangers of sectional thinking. Two out of every three people live in Australian cities and are behind the scheme. To the remaining one-third, the rural section, it is more than a grand plan; it is a matter of existence and survival on the Australian standard. In all the dreams we have for the development of this nation, the mirage of water has been for ever dancing before our eyes. Despite the stupid generalities so frequently uttered by men who should know more than they do about this country, its potentiality and fertility, we must face the fact that on all observable evidence and recorded data it is the most arid of all the continents, despite what other compensations and balances it carries. It is a great land, but a hard land. It has to be won, except in favoured portions. As the right honorable member for Cowper has said, the wealth of this nation is not there just for the taking. The pioneer story is the evidence here. " The sunburnt country " is more than a poetic phrase; it is a factual summary of our needs. So, this Snowy Mountains project, which is intended to provide hydroelectric power to the cities and towns and water to the irrigation areas, is the beginning of another era of progress, another step on the way. In the battles which this country must undertake, the battle for water is the greatest. In the 3,000,000 square miles of Australian mainland territory only 1,000,000 square miles, one third of the country, has a rainfall of 20 inches or more. This includes, of course, the waste areas, agriculturally speaking, and the mountains and the forests where the rainfall is also a variable factor. We get either much more or much less rain than we need, a circumstance which caused an English governor of one of our States to dub. Australia " The land of droughts and floods ". At the time that remark was uttered it was construed as insulting to Australia, but really it was a warning to the nation to conserve its resources which are given md withdrawn with such prodigality. There is, in fact, a challenge in the whole geographical and geological situation in Australia which can be answered only by conservation, particularly the conservation of water. If we are to have 20,000,000 people in Australia the Snowy Mountains undertaking and others of the kind are the only means by which that objective can be achieved. For our migration plan to work an irrigation and a hydro-electric plan must be in operation as an advance measure. We must arrange to mako use of every drop of water that we have or that we are likely to get. So, the Snowy Mountains plan for water helps to make the national plan for an added population an objective capable of achievement in our time.

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C tumut river

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tumut river

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The Minister for Works and Housing (Mr. Lemmon) gave us in his secondreading speech, some staggering figures concerning what can be done with the waters of the Snowy and its tributaries. Because of the alpine character, and the height of these waters above sea level, vast hydro-electric power is locked up in them and in the snows that feed them. Consider one point alone from the Minister's speech. The honorable gentleman said - One gallon of water per second dropping 1,000 feet can produce enough electric power to provide for the needs of 00 Australians at their average consumption. The significance is in the great height that the water falls, from the highest power stations at the o,000-ft. level to where it will be finally discharged to the river Murray or the Tumut River only 1,000 feet above sea level. Because of our capacity to harness at such a great height, the same water may lie used many times. Added to this fact, thu snow in the mountain areas acts as a natural storage space for many months of the year. This makes it possible for the power produced in the area to bo so cheap and attractive. The factual line in this project must inevitably be traversed; but there is more than that in it. There is poetry in this project which is about to be wrought by the skill and planning of Australian engineers and, I am proud to say, by the foresight and wisdom of an Australian Labour government. More oranges and grapes will ripen in Mildura and Leeton, made luscious by the waters of the Snowy draining 700 miles of snow country, many hundreds of miles away from the Murray and Murrumbidgee valleys where finally it is turned to the uses man has devised. Fat lambs will grow sleek on the plains, fed on pastures made verdant by the water from the hills and vast areas awaiting irrigation will blossom like the rose. And for those who find facts more satisfactory than fine words there is the added attraction in the project that for every acre-foot of water poured on the hungry inland, there is a £10 note in the farmer's pocket. This estimate of the increase in productivity was assessed by such authorities as the Rural Reconstruction Committee of the Commonwealth Office of Education and was published in a recent issue of the Current Affairs Bulletin. These little booklets are of great assistance to honorable members. They are very concisely and intelligently written and they constitute one of the best sources of vital information available in Australia to-day. The story of the Snowy Mountains scheme was published in a recent issue of that publication. Water which is ready to perform this miracle is running into the sea at the rate of 500,000 gallons a minute. Since the water falls from a great height, it is, as the Minister has pointed out, invaluable for a hydro-electric scheme. For once, we have the perfect ;et-up. If one is imaginative, one can see the result of this - light leaping in the farmhouses at the touch of a button and power for agriculture and industry waiting to be called on; the great silent partner in the development of the country; the abundance of power carrying the means of decentralization; easier times for the farmer's wife with radio, refrigeration and, in fact, civilization brought to her door by the waters of the river harnessed hundreds of miles away from her home. At a turn of a switch the farmer's wife leaps from the 19th to the 20th century - a life that the honorable member for Indi (Mr. McEwen), who has been endeavouring to interrupt my speech, could not compass in his imagination. It means better times for women - the abolition of rural slums. In colder statistics, this means 1,720,000 kilowatts of electricity. One-fifth of a single kilowatt is the average consumption of an ordinary household. An output of 1,720,000 kilowatts represents 4,000,000 tons of black coal, or about one- third of our total production. These staggering figures are all embodied in the Snowy Mountains plan. This scheme is eminently practical. It will water vast river valleys. Already, there are great irrigation projects in the Murray and Murrumbidgee rivers but the Snowy Mountains scheme will make these schemes even greater. In the Murray Valley there are 300,000 people. When this scheme is in operation there will be millions. In time, the thriving towns of to-day will be great cities flourishing in peace and less vulnerable in war. If we had the Snowy Mountains scheme working to-day one-half of the people of End.land would not be going to bed to-night hungry. Professor Griffith Taylor, our great physicist and geographe st, has said that our Murray Valley is the best endowed single portion of the continent. The Murray-Darling systems drain an area of half a million square miles. Three-quarters of that area has a rainfall of 12 inches or less. The honorable member for Hume (Mr. Puller) and the honorable member for Eden-Monaro (Mr. Eraser) who, because of their geographical position electorally speaking, and because of their big Australianism welcome this scheme. I am sure that the honorable member for Hume must be delighted that the beautiful Tumut River is to bo used in the plan. The honorable gentle- man has advocated the better use of that swift-flowing and beautiful river ever since he has been a member of this Parliament. As the honorable member for Eden-Monaro has said, this project is great in concept and in the Australianism that lies behind it. Honorable members opposite, having neglected this project while they were in office, can see no virtue in it because it is brought to the stage of commencement by this Government. Throughout they have - adopted an attitude of squalid anxiety lest others should get the credit for it. For years the driest and dustiest part of Australia has been in the departmental pigeon-holes where the plans of this scheme have been mouldering, not for lack of interest - there has been activity on the scheme since last century - not for lack of brains to do the work, or for lack of men rotting on the dole during a depression ; but for lack of money. The Labour Government which believes in men before money will implement this scheme under the defence power. Yet we see State-righters in this House wringing their hands in anguish, bleating about the money that will be spent. They are little Australians with sheep-like minds bleating about the difficulties we shall encounter, the corns that we walked on to get drive and imagination behind the great job that is to be done. We can forget all of these things in the chorus of approval by the nation because the task is about to begin. Irrigation and hydro-electric schemes are in our blood. Some of our best literature has been written about them. 1 often wonder why members of the Opposition sneer when anybody mentions literature in this House. I am sure that when the story of our lack of progress in the twenty years before the war years is written, honorable members opposite will be embalmed in literature by some intelligent Labour writer in describing what we escaped from just in time. Ernestine Hill's romance of Mildura and the Chaffey brothers, which are recorded in her book, Water into Gold is one of the epics in our language. Ion Idriess's The Great Boomerang tells in dramatic prose the story of the Bradfield plan. I have read, enjoyed and been informed by Linking two States - The Clarence River Scheme. The author is, of course, the the right honorable member for Cowper, who is a former Prime Minister of Australia and an ex-Leader of the Australian Country party. As a writer and an expert on irrigation matters, the right honorable gentleman is in the first rank, but as a politician his grading must be drastically reduced. The right honorable gentleman quoted during the debate in hia own favour a statement made by a Mr. Moss, in the foreword to a book. It was- Sir Earle Page is a dreamer of dreams about the development of electricity.

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snowy river

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The Minister has asked us to have faith in our future, faith in our engineers, and faith in Australia. Those are the three factors upon which we must base this great task of construction that will attract the interest of engineers throughout the world. I cannot do better than to quote from a bulletin that has been issued by the Office of Education. The quotation is as follows: - After all, Western Australia, at a time when its. population was only 200,000 people, constructed, by January, 1903, the largest pipeline with the highest overflow weir then existing in the world. The country between the foot of the Darling Ranges and Kalgoorlie rises 1.290 feet so that water had to be pumped for 309 miles. If, 45 years ago, Western Australia could complete this scheme, it is not unreasonable to ask why the lifting of waters from coastal rivers over the gaps in the ranges and diverting them into the headwaters of the big dry inland rivers should bc considered an impossible task to-day. What has been said of the Bradfield scheme may also be said of the Snowy Mountains scheme, and with greater certainty. Added to this is the promise of President Truman that we may call upon the American engineers who created Tennessee Valley and the Great Coulee, which is an indication that the eyes of the world are upon us and that we have the good wishes of the peoples of the world in the great undertaking that is before u9. The mirage that has been dancing before. ,the eyes of all Australians from the days of colonization until now is water. Any plan that will transform that mirage into the hard, cold conservation of water for irrigation or for the generation of electricity, allow us to decentralize our industries, enable us to rectify the stupid position in which two out of every three members of our population live in cities on the green coastal strip, and allow us to enter into our inheritance must have the support of .every Australian. I represent a city constituency. Honorable members need have no fear that this scheme is ignored or not understood in the cities. It is understood because of the hardships that the people of the cities have suffered in recent years owing to the difficulties that have arisen by reason of the fact that too many people live in the cities. " Banjo " Paterson wrote the poem The Man from Snowy River to express in musical verse what the average Australian stood for - rugged individuality and the courage to do the job. There are plenty of men from the Snowy River in this country who are dreaming the | dreams of " Banjo " Paterson. They are i delighted to know that those dreams- 1 will be realized and they are ready to [ congratulate a courageous and far-seeing: Government that will blend with a great scheme, full employment, decentralization, wealth to the land, prosperity to the nation and a fair share of our responsibility in regard to the defence of the Empire. I support the bill. Mi-. ARCHIE CAMERON (Barker) [9.27] .-The honorable member for Parkes (Mr. Haylen) concluded his remarks by referring to the Man from Snowy River. He stated that " Banjo " Paterson was a firm believer in the rugged individuality of the Australian people. Since this Government came into office it has done its utmost to destroy any individuality in the Australian people, rugged ,or otherwise. It wants everybody to be so completely socialized that they are either tenants, employees or pensioners of the Commonwealth. The next point to which I want to refer is that neither the Leader of the Opposition (Mr. Menzies) nor the right honorable member for Cowper (Sir Earle Page) mentioned private enterprise in connexion with the Snowy Mountains scheme. I take the liberty of speaking on behalf of all honorable members on this side of the House when I say that the Opposition, having carefully considered the scheme, have come to the conelusion, without argument, that it is too big for private -enterprise to tackle. It must be undertaken by some' national enterprise. ' '

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. -Last Tuesday, I directed the attention of the House and of the Prime Minister (Mr. Menzies) to the proposal to stage the pageant Hiawatha in the jubilee celebrations next year, and to the matter of its place in any pageantry associated with the fiftieth anniversary of federation. I was unable to obtain either a reply from the Prime Minister, or the name of the committee which made that decision. I have searched the records of the Parliament and of newspaper offices and there appears to be a series of committees concerned. I think they are ten in number. I was not able to place the blame adequately or fairly upon any committee for perpetrating this outrage upon the Australian people in relation to their celebrations, but I think that the Arts and Crafts Committee may be responsible. When I asked the Prime Minister whether it would be possible to obtain an answer to a question that I consider important, the right honorable gentleman stated that he did not know. It therefore seems to me that the only method by which I may obtain an answer is to emulate Longfellow and to sing another version of The Song of Hiawatha.This is my version of the poem - I should ask the great white father, Chieftain of the Aussie nation, In the wigwams of the people, Why he brings us Hiawatha From the teepees of the tycoons, Singing songs of other nations At the eating of the emu By the banks of old Molonglo. In the forest of the people Are there not much sweeter voices Than the nasal Minna-ha-ha And the windy Hiawatha - Not forgetting old Nokomis And that bore, Kabibonokka? Have we not a local Antill, Of the famed Arunta tribesmen, Who will dance among the shadows A corroboree of passion At the feast of Iguana, At the eating of the oysters And the clinking of the glasses At the skinning of the 'possum? Came there not a Henry Lawson In the song time of the nation, Singing songs of sheep and shearers Ere the days of Fadden taxes? Have we not a sweet toned Banjo Twanging songs of High Monaro And the man from Snowy River? Why will not the high-born Chieftain Of the cold Canberra wigwams Hearken to the voice of Bradfield, Listen to the plaint of Fraser, Give us something pure Australian For the sing song of the people In the land of old Eureka? I draw attention to the fact that a serious lack of planning by those responsible is demonstrated by the proposal to include Hiawatha in the pageant. It is, no doubt, a nice piece of music, but I suggest that it is woefully out of keeping with the celebration of something purely Australia. I recited the verse to honorable members in the hope that it might prompt the Prime Minister to reply in a like medium to my valid request for information and for action to repair the damage that has been done. I do not dislike Hiawatha as a song. In its class it is an excellent work, but it is not a fitting subject for our celebrations. Since reciting the verse, I have realized that I forgot to mention the jackass. I am reminded of that by hearing the voice of an honorable member opposite who has consistently interjected. I shall include that reference on the next occasion.

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outer harbour

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A conservative average rate in 1939' for the discharge of timber ships was 10.000 super, feet per hold per hour. To-day the average rate; mechanical unloading devices' notwithstanding, is 5,000 super, feet per hour. The article also contains a number of interesting references to the relation between the slow turn-round of ships and1 the increasing cost of living, and I thinkthat the following extract is very significant : - Timber freight rates to South Africa, whose discharge is- good, is to-day only 21s. per 100 super., ais against 7.8s-. per 100 feet in Australia That information was obtained from a letter received by the Timber Merchants Association in Adelaide from exporters in Sweden, to whom the Australian merchants had complained because Swedish ships were not unloading timber at Port Adelaide. I think that honorable senators will agree that the fact that such a statement should be made by merchants overseas is highly significant and most disturbing. Unfortunately, I think that it must also be conceded that similar criticism can justly be levelled at the rate of cargo-handling in most ports in Australia, and it undoubtedly has a. very direct bearing on the increasing cost of living. The honorable senator alleged that wharf accommodation is inadequate in Port Adelaide. However, on his own; admission, there are thirteen wharfs on the Port Adelaide side of the harbour and five on the Birkenhead side, making a total of eighteen wharfs. Admittedly, there are no sheds on two of those wharfs. However, in addition to the eighteen wharfs mentioned, there are seven wharfs at Outer Harbour, of which one is at present being repaired, and is out of use. Of the 25 wharfs, six are used ordinarily by coastal vessels, and I think that an inspection of the wharfage facilities at Poet Adelaide would dispose of the honorable senator's contention that lack of wharf accommodation is responsible for the delay in clearing vessels. Senator Nicholls conceded that there has been a considerable improvement in the equipment available on the wharfs. Because of the attraction that the waterfront possesses, I frequently visit Port Adelaide. At one time the equipment on the Port. Adelaide waterfront may not have been as good as it could' have been, but it can safely be said that during the last few years it has been improved considerably. Senator Nicholls said that one of the causes of the slow turn-round1 of ships at Port Adelaide was obsolete equipment. The port is now equipped with all modern means of shifting cargo, including fork-lift trucks and cranes, but despite that fact, the rate at which cargo is handled has decreased. The honorable senator said that trucks that were formerly pulled by horses were now pulled by tractors, which were constantly breaking down. I think that that was an exaggeration. From my experience with tractors, I would say that a truck pulled by a tractor is- less liable to damage than is one pulled by a horse. As a result, of my investigations, I. say unhesitatingly that the slow turn-round of ships at Port. Adelaide, is due-

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earth

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. - 'It is a great honour on behalf of His Majesty's Opposition to second the motion of the Prime Minister (Mr. Menzies). Various points of view have been expressed in relation to the mace and its history, but there are three matters that must occupy our thoughts this afternoon. As the leader of the delegation pointed out, originally the mace represented the authority of the Crown and, I suppose, that is still true to-day. Of course, the Royal prerogative is as much a part of our institutions in Australia as it is in Great Britain, but the changes over the years during the history of the House of Commons have been so vast and yet so gradual that it is correct to say that the mace has come to represent the parliamentary institution - not the King vested with his own powers and prerogatives in person, but the King in Parliament with the responsibility of his Ministers to the Parliament. I think of that as being perhaps the most important aspect of this visit of the representatives of the House of Commons to us. But this visit demonstrates most of all a simpler fact - the .cense of kinship between our peoples. There is no substitute for that. We cannot define it. It is always there. It has played its part in all the great crises of our history and, as themotion states, the message that we ask the distinguished members of the delegation to take back to the House of Commons is a message of affection between kinsmen. I agree with what has been said by the delegation. The contribution of Great Britain at the best is represented by what has been done in the House of Commons. I believe that contribution to the British Commonwealth and to the world will go on, and that wisdom, courage, strength and justice will be shown by the Britain of the future even more gloriously than they have been shown by the Britain of today or the Britain of yesterday. That belief expresses our feelings towards our kinsmen in Britain. I venture to saythat this ceremony has done much to symbolize what is, after all, the most important feature of this visit - thecommon traditions of the whole British Commonwealth but particularly of this country, New Zealand and Britain itself. A hundred and fifty years ago, a very great English poet wrote, when Britain was under an imminent threat of invasion - It is not to be thought of that the Flood Of British freedom, which, to the open sea Of the world's praise, from dark antiquity Hath flowed, " with poomp of waterun withstood" Housed though it be full often to a mood Which spurns the check of salutary bands, That this most famous Stream in bogs and sands Should perish and to evil and to good Be lost forever. In our halls is hung Armoury of the invincible Knights of old We must be free or die, who speak the tongue That Shakespeare spake; the faith and morals hold Which Milton held. - In everything we are sprung Of Earth's first blood, have titles manifold. have much pleasure in seconding the motion. Honorable members having expressed their approval of the motion by rising in t heir places,

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- I repeat that Senator Aylett used expressions that any reasonable person would consider to be a sneer at our defences. He talked about the militia and the citizen forces and other arms as though they would be of no effect against an enemy. I point out that in addition to the militia, the cadets and other branches of the forces that are training, we have a fine navy and a magnificent air force. Only a few days ago there was a most effective piece of co-operation between the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force in exercises to deal with submarines. I know because some of the machines that were engaged passed by my window. So effective was the exercise that I had to assure an elderly member of my household that it was a practice and not the real thing. I wish to. refer in particular to national development. I endorse all that has. been said by Senator Wordsworth . about defence. We must expend- an adequate sum upon our defence ' forces, . but I agree also with Senator Aylett that production is essential to. defence.1 It is not for us to define at this stage the allocation that should be made for the fighting services and the provision of food in the event of hostilities. That must be determined by the exigencies of the moment. I believe that after defence, our most important function is national development. I believe, therefore, in the Snowy Mountains hydro-electric project. It is a great scheme of national development which is non-partizan in character because it has been planned under various Ministries and has been supported by all the major political parties. I believe that the Deputy President (Senator Reid), when he was a member' of the New South Wales Cabinet, took some of the responsibility for the preliminary survey that led to the scheme. I have just returned from a visit to the Riverina, a district to which I am no stranger. I have always been impressed by the contrast between the fine but somewhat arid country to be found in some parts of that district, and the lush green areas in the irrigation belt. I believe that we overdo the sentiment of a sunburnt country. Occasionally I wish that Dorothy Mackellar had-, written some of the lines of her magnificent poetry a little differently. I love the sunburnt country as much as any one but I like a little water with it. The great need of this country is water. In the Darling-Murrumbidgee system, we have a fine water supply and the idea is to augment it with some of the water that flows through the snow-fed Snowy River. The area that is now being irrigated in . New. South Wales from the Murrumbidgee was merely ,a sheep station 30 years ago. It was a good sheep station but it employed only a few people. Now in that area there are at least 30,000 people who are engaged in numerous occupations. Instead of a man requiring a holding of some thousands of acres, he can make a living now on nineteen acres. The farms are close together and neighbourliness has replaced the terrible loneliness that the pioneers endured there and are still enduring inother parts of Australia. I am wholly behind the Snowy Mountains hydroelectric scheme. I am not at all averse to criticism of it or to the searchlight of inquiry being thrown upon its finances. I believe that we should get value for the money that is spent but we should not allow the scheme to be blocked in any way.

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newcastle harbour

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Om finding, thoi seat was safe, we. returned and circled around, in tha harbour whilst, the remainder of the Regiment formed' up. We then put to sea leading the Regiment and the sea in my opinion- was quite safe1...... Dr. Edmeades made the following statutory declaration : T, Thomas Warren Edmeades', Medical Practitioner of VIS Nelson St'.,. Wallsend do solemnly and. sincerely declare, that L am also R.H.O. to. 15- N.R.L. and that, on the. 8/3V54 at approximately 0130 hrs. I left. Camp Shortland" in a- D.U.K.W., commanded by Lt./C'ol. J. A. James. We proceeded outside the heads to> test the- state of. the sea. Finding, this, satis-, factory we. returned to tha harbour and then led. all vehicles out to sea. Lt./Col. James, commanded all phases of the operation throughout. the morning' until after- having taken a disabled Tank: ins tow his own craft founded in the surf,, while attempting to beach, the disabled, craft. He like others then swam for the shore,, having sustained an injured ankle when the. craft foundered. . . . About ten other soldiers', who were1 aboard the- craft will support those statutory declarations'. The honorable member for Shortland has done a great disservice' to the commissioned officers^, noncommissioned officers and men of the 15th Northern. Rivers Lancers- by repeatedly alleging in this chamber' that the cornymading officer did not test the sea before, the exercise. The two young' troopers whose1 statutory declarations' I have read would not have signed those documentsunless they were perfectly satisfied1 that they contained a true account- of the event's.. The honorable member' has: acted, dishonestly, and1 I. very much regret hist conduct';. The honorable member for Shortland referred also' to the fact that, a refrigerator was' installed in one of the vessels and' he said that it was full1 of grog. I asked the non-commissioned1 officer1 in charge of the duck in which the refrigerator was' carried to tell me the circumstances. There was no liquor in the vessel. Before the exercise: was begun the commanding' officer gave definite instructions that no grog was to be taken on board', and none was loaded. Owing' to the condition of the- sea at the time, the refrigerator' contained only spare clothing that the men wanted to keep dry. Refrigerators are normal equipment of units of this kind that undertake exercises in amphibious craft and bivouac at various points along the coast and on the harbours north of, Newcastle and'. Poet, Stephens. The refrigerators; are, needed to keep milk, meat;, butter' and all perishable foods fresh and fit: for- consumption, I shall read the statutory declaration! of the- non> commissioned officer concerned. He stated - I, William Thomas. Glazier 318 Newcastle lid. Lambton am a. Crane Driver employed, at Lysaghts Newcastle; Works do solemly and sincerely declare That as. a Sgt. in 10 Coy RAASC (Amph Gt.) I commanded LVT4' 149421 which carried' a refrigerator 100 cf petrol or kerosene less the motor. The refrigerator was to, be used; to keep supplies of fresh moat and other perishable rations arriving at Broughton Island. To my knowledge the refrigerator contained only bedding and personal effects- of the crew members to keep them dry during; the exercise to. Broughton Isl. These were placed: in ?h,m on my instructions.. The vehicle was loaded and. then tested in Newcastle Harbour and niter a slight adjust ment was found' OK!. The refrigerator was then shored' at; the1 sides with- $ s: 2; rend! 4! s" 2 timber and then. lashed securely to pre*en, movement. The vehicle, was loaded, within the limits specified' for an LYT4. The cause of the sinking was a. large dumping wave1 which swamped' the vehicle when landing- at. Cemetery Point. Up to that point the> vehicle node, very well indeed1 ami no trouble was experienced' with; the. load. The vehicle sank 350 yards from, shore. That is a complete and emphatic, denial of the base allegations made by the* honorable member' for Shortland'.. I repeat that the honorable member baa done a great disservice to. a very fine unit which has done a. splendid job since it. was, formed in. 1.947,, and which,, until thismishap,, had never had an accident of any kind. The declaration show3. that the refrigerator was; securely fastened and that it could not have fallen on anybody as the honorable member has claimed. The statement that this, was a. hush-hush accident has. been made. re.peatedly. When I rose to speak to-day I heard, it said again.

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molonglo river

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What is to become of the splendid lucerne farm on. the. flats that would besubmerged by the muddy waters of theMolonglo, to form the lake I I a3k members of. the Australian Country party whether they propose to forbid that desecration. What is to become of the. lovely kine which graze on those flats, and look on us benevolently as we pass on our way to- catch our 'planes ? Shall, we flood those areas with muddy water, and depriveCanberra golfers, of. their fairways and smooth, greens ? L believe that the. Walter Burley Griffin concept, as such, is fine.. The Molonglo River is. making heavy weather, and is burrowing deeper intothe soil, year by year. Taken rationally, the first view of the Walter Burley Griffin scheme is one of beautification. The lakes scheme is splendid. But the university suddenly pontificates, " No more learning, no more culture, no more anything " unless it has a lake instead of a race-course near its doors. The matter has been introduced by those fellows who have a very close association with the university. Forget the lake, because, like Narcissus, they will want to see their own images, but they will not see their reflections because the water will be so muddy for a long time. At this late hour, we should be logical. I have to say, for the horse-breeding industry, that perhaps some fine research will be undertaken on horse-racing. That will not be new. Only yesterday, we bowed our heads in reverence, and made low obeisance to the hippomanes. If the professors see the horses in Canberra lose form, they may be able to devise a formula to help us in our rather plebeian pastimes. With relation to swabbing, could there not be a school for swabbers? Would not that be a lot better than a lake with the withered marge on which no bird sings, of which the poet Keats talks? Of course it would ! If a new formula were evolved by a professor which made a horse register a certain performance round the perimeter of the field in an exact number of seconds, he would be more than a professor, he would be a national hero. In the circumstances, let us take this matter back to where it belongs. A good and learned professor has told us of the difficulties that will result from having a race-course in front of the university. I am sure that it must be very, very annoying for professors to look out of their windows and see the cavorting equines galloping round the ring and to know that there is to be a race-course there. But if the City of Canberra is to become alive, we must have the racecourse, a really good pub, and a main street. I believe that the sooner we start that, the sooner we shall have a city which we shall prefer much more than the cylindrical plan. A visitor who drives into Canberra in a car goes round and round in circles and gets hopelessly lost. If a series of lakes are added to the existing hazards for the man who goes home late, as we do, we shall get a problem of such magnitude that all the professors in the world will not be able to provide a solution.

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rome

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. - As we know, the Afro-Asian conference, which was attended by the leaders of 29 countries - representing hundreds of millions of people - recently concluded its sitting at Bandung, in Indonesia. That conference was an event of great historic interest, inasmuch as it brought to a close an era of European leadership in most of Asia and some parts of Africa. Many of the nations which were represented at the conference benefited over several centuries by wise British administration. In this respect, I refute Senator Aylett's contentions in relation to the British administration of Kenya and other countries. I have no hesitation in saying that British leadership for several centuries in countries that Great Britain colonized, brought law and order, security, and progressive development to those countries. The British governed India for about three and a half centuries, and Burma, Ceylon and Pakistan for similar periods. Proof of the efficiency of the British administration is shown by the fact that nationals of the various countries who studied under the British system are now able to direct self-government in those countries. In point of fact, Great Britain did for those Asian countries what ancient Rome did for Great Britain during the early Christian era. I was sorry to hear Senator Aylett try to belittle the fine work that was carried out under European leadership to develop backward countries of Asia to the extent that they are now able to govern them selves. Of course, I do not doubt for a moment that, in British, French, and Dutch colonial administration of Indonesia, there were errors of judgment and mistakes. However, in the overall picture, the colonial administration by Great Britain of Asian countries was a tremendous factor in their development. The Premier of China, Mr. Chou Enlai, revealed himself as the most outstanding personality at the Bandung conference. But we must maintain reservations in connexion with his approach to certain Asian delegates at the conference. Mr. Chou En-lai, at that forum., gained access to the leaders of countries whose populations number many millions. Without a doubt, he made a good impression on both African and Asian delegates. However, I think that we should be cautious in accepting at their face value, his overtures to the free Asian leaders. I am reminded of a poem that we used to recite at school. Its opening lines were - Will you come into my parlour, Said the spider to the fly. I believe that the Chinese Premier is too well disciplined, and too well doctrinated in the objectives of international communism - that is, the attaining of world power and world domination - to detach himself from his party, its principles and objectives. Of course, if he intends to pursue a good-neighbour policy, in order to assist us to maintain peace in our time, and if his intention is to contain communism on the Chinese mainland, he could go down in history as a strong Asian personality who had benefited not only Asia, but the rest of the world. As far as I am concerned, however, he will have to prove by deeds, rather than words, that those are his ambitions. Senator Aylett advocated red China's admission to the United Nations. As I have said on previous occasions in this chamber, that country must prove its bona fides before consideration can be given to its admission. China was guilty of naked and open aggression in Korea, and peace has not yet been signed in that country. Furthermore, China has backed aggressors in Indo-China, and is still engaged in backing subversive activities in countries adjoining China. In those circumstances, it would be palpably wrong, and contrary to the interests of justice, to grant China a seat in the United Nations, or for Australia to recognize that country. Until China proves its good faith, and shows that it means to apply the honeyed policy that Chou En-lai. enunciated at Bandung, I shall remain opposed to recognition of red China. If China proves by deeds that it intends to be a good neighbour, and wants to maintain peace, not only in Asia, but throughout the world, I will support any move for Australia to recognize that country and support its admission to the United Nations.

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suez

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.- If I may be permitted to use mild terms, may ] describe the arguments presented by the honorable member for Werriwa (Mr. Whitlam) as quaint. As he was speaking, several lines of a poem kept racing through my mind. They are - When the monarch Reason sleeps the mimir wakes A medley of distorted things. In a debate of this nature one is very heavily hemmed in by time. It is not possible or practicable to cover the points of view canvassed by the previous speaker. I wish to turn to the various questions that I regard as commanding pre-eminent importance. First, I turn to the issue of AngloAmerican relationships. Only a mental hermit, I suppose, would run away from the idea that Anglo-American relations have not been seriously damaged in recent times. As a result of the Suez issue, we saw the hostility to the United Kingdom resident within America rise to its zenith. We saw many millions of Americans quite' vocally attacking what my friend and colleague from South Australia described a few nights ago as " their most valued ally - the United Kingdom ". 1 come straightaway to this point and say that it is essential for the preservation of peace in this world that there should be the utmost harmony between the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Quite plainly, it is the grand strategy of Moscow to destroy harmony between the United Kingdom and the United States. Having said this, may I add that it would be completely dishonest to say that there are not grievous faults on both sides of the Atlantic? If those faults are to be absolved, and if harmony is to be restored, then I believe that not only must we address ourselves to the problem with complete frankness, but also with complete friendliness. There are many people, including myself, who quite genuinely, but nevertheless with a degree of humility, believe that there is m unfortunate influence at work on \merican foreign policy. One could give many illustrations of it. I am not con.demning the United States of America. I am not interested in personalities. I am interested in functions and in principles.

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red sea

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In my opinion, many of the provisions of the bill have been framed by the Government to assist in improving conditions at sea. There may be one or two contentious clauses, but I have no doubt that when the Minister explains them honorable senators will realize that they will not be detrimental to the seamen themselves and that they have been introduced, in some cases, in an attempt to smooth things out. At a later stage, I propose to go through a few of the more important provisions, but I should now like to say something in a general way, even though, as I said, this is really a committee bill. Of all man-made creations, the ship probably more than anything else has the power of gaining a place in the innermost recesses of the heart, if I may so express it. Of course, it is possible for a young woman to find her way into those innermost recesses, but of the inanimate objects of wood, steel and what-have-you a ship does grow upon one. The longer a person stays on a ship, particularly if he is in command of her, the more she becomes part and parcel of him. I can recall seeing an old skipper in the old days pat the teakwood rail on the poop and say, " Up old girl, up old girl ", and she would come over the waves. It was as though he felt she was part and parcel of him. Perhaps it was easier to understand that feeling in the old sailing ship days when masters and crews used to sail for many years in the same ship. I have known masters who sailed in the same ship for 20 or 25 years. It is a very interesting commentary on shipping that even shipowners who had not a good name among sailors, but who in fact had the reputation of being very stonyhearted, were sentimental enough, towards the end of the sailing ship era, to keep those ships running until long after their economic life had ceased. Indeed, I imagine that in some cases the owners must have been losing money. I sailed in one of the last of the sailing ships,; she was still running in 1925. There were other ships like " Garthpool " and " William Mitchell " on which a brother of mine served. There was also the old " Mount Stewart " in which the present honorable member for Bowman (Mr. McColm) was born and lived his early childhood. In those days, shipowners were a little more sentimental than they are in these days of steam vessels. But the sailing vessels, which were called by the poets " the white-winged argosies ", have disappeared, and now we go to sea in floating townships which have lifts, swimming pools, lounges, and .everything else that people have ashore. A modern Atlantic liner generates sufficient electricity to illuminate a large London suburb or a small city. But it does not matter very much what kind a vessel is; if one is in command of her, she is the finest thing that sails the ocean. That attitude of mind will continue as long as we have ships and, as Senator Kennelly said, I suppose we will always have ships. Like all good stories, the saga of the sea must 'begin with what happened a long time ago. It is unfortunate that we have no very early records in this regard, but as one looks back one tries to picture the first people on this earth starting to think about crossing the oceans and one imagines how they devised some kind of vessel that would float and carry them from one place to another across a stretch of water - to begin with, probably across a river .or a similar stream. As we have no records of the very early days of sailing, we can only guess at what happened. Our records of what happened in the world of ships does not begin until about the 14th century. From that time onwards, records were kept of trade in the Indian Ocean where the Phoenicians, the Arabs, the Chinese and other races were very busy carrying cargoes from the spice islands, as they called them, or what we now know as Indonesia, to the Red Sea ports, into the Mediterranean and thence to Europe. The fact that the people of Europe could not do anything about it was very .galling to them. There was a recording a little earlier that Herodotus attempted to and did find a way from the Strait of Gibraltar, as we now know it, down around the Cape of Good Hope. But we have nothing very authentic about that.

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strait of gibraltar

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In my opinion, many of the provisions of the bill have been framed by the Government to assist in improving conditions at sea. There may be one or two contentious clauses, but I have no doubt that when the Minister explains them honorable senators will realize that they will not be detrimental to the seamen themselves and that they have been introduced, in some cases, in an attempt to smooth things out. At a later stage, I propose to go through a few of the more important provisions, but I should now like to say something in a general way, even though, as I said, this is really a committee bill. Of all man-made creations, the ship probably more than anything else has the power of gaining a place in the innermost recesses of the heart, if I may so express it. Of course, it is possible for a young woman to find her way into those innermost recesses, but of the inanimate objects of wood, steel and what-have-you a ship does grow upon one. The longer a person stays on a ship, particularly if he is in command of her, the more she becomes part and parcel of him. I can recall seeing an old skipper in the old days pat the teakwood rail on the poop and say, " Up old girl, up old girl ", and she would come over the waves. It was as though he felt she was part and parcel of him. Perhaps it was easier to understand that feeling in the old sailing ship days when masters and crews used to sail for many years in the same ship. I have known masters who sailed in the same ship for 20 or 25 years. It is a very interesting commentary on shipping that even shipowners who had not a good name among sailors, but who in fact had the reputation of being very stonyhearted, were sentimental enough, towards the end of the sailing ship era, to keep those ships running until long after their economic life had ceased. Indeed, I imagine that in some cases the owners must have been losing money. I sailed in one of the last of the sailing ships,; she was still running in 1925. There were other ships like " Garthpool " and " William Mitchell " on which a brother of mine served. There was also the old " Mount Stewart " in which the present honorable member for Bowman (Mr. McColm) was born and lived his early childhood. In those days, shipowners were a little more sentimental than they are in these days of steam vessels. But the sailing vessels, which were called by the poets " the white-winged argosies ", have disappeared, and now we go to sea in floating townships which have lifts, swimming pools, lounges, and .everything else that people have ashore. A modern Atlantic liner generates sufficient electricity to illuminate a large London suburb or a small city. But it does not matter very much what kind a vessel is; if one is in command of her, she is the finest thing that sails the ocean. That attitude of mind will continue as long as we have ships and, as Senator Kennelly said, I suppose we will always have ships. Like all good stories, the saga of the sea must 'begin with what happened a long time ago. It is unfortunate that we have no very early records in this regard, but as one looks back one tries to picture the first people on this earth starting to think about crossing the oceans and one imagines how they devised some kind of vessel that would float and carry them from one place to another across a stretch of water - to begin with, probably across a river .or a similar stream. As we have no records of the very early days of sailing, we can only guess at what happened. Our records of what happened in the world of ships does not begin until about the 14th century. From that time onwards, records were kept of trade in the Indian Ocean where the Phoenicians, the Arabs, the Chinese and other races were very busy carrying cargoes from the spice islands, as they called them, or what we now know as Indonesia, to the Red Sea ports, into the Mediterranean and thence to Europe. The fact that the people of Europe could not do anything about it was very .galling to them. There was a recording a little earlier that Herodotus attempted to and did find a way from the Strait of Gibraltar, as we now know it, down around the Cape of Good Hope. But we have nothing very authentic about that.

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snowy river

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So we see what this scheme means. First of all it means electricity which, in this modern day and age is a most needed requirement. The total generating capacity of the scheme will be approximately threequarters of the present total capacity of all the electricity systems of the Commonwealth. That is a tremendous thing, and I wonder if we realize when we speak about it in words like these, what it really means. The agreement provides that after the requirements of the Commonwealth in the Australian Capital Territory and the Snowy Mountains area have been provided for, the States will be sold the balance of the power at the cost of production. The water will be made available without charge to the States. When we consider the area under Commonwealth jurisdiction that is to be served we realize that the bulk of the power will bc used by the two States. The Australian Capital Territory and the Snowy Mountains area will obviously use a much lesser amount. The additional cost of providing irrigation water is included in the cost of generating the electric power and, as we have been told' so often to-night, that cost will be recovered when the power is sold. Now let me for a moment speak of water and its tremendous importance for irrigation purposes. I have lived a great deal of my life in the country. I have see over and over again the great tragedy of long dry spells of drought. I know what it is to- see stock and crops dying. I know the problem that is faced by people whose only thought is, " If only we can get rain to save our very livelihood ". How important is water to a community! Speakers have waxed poetical to-night so perhaps I may be forgiven if I do so too. In this sunburnt land, the thing we need most of all is water. Very often the availability of water has been the determining factor in the settling of this country by our pioneers and explorers and I believe it will continue to be so in the future. The distribution of population, too, has been decided by the supply of water. I suppose we can say that the need for water in this country is paramount. The whole future of Australia, its population, its development, its welfare and prosperity can be effected by the supply of water. It may well be true that in the future water will be even more important than electricity. I am sure that every honorable senator agrees with me when I say that the harnessing and diversion of water may indeed be the most important role of this legislation. The water made available to the Murray and Murrumbidgee valleys will be increased by the direct diversion of the Snowy River and its tributaries and further by the regulation of the Snowy, Tumut, Tooma, Geehi and Murrumbidgee rivers in the reservoirs of the scheme. What a tremendous thing that is! Any one examining the map of the areas through which these rivers flow cannot help but be impressed by the enormity of the scheme. Water will be stored during periods of high flow and be kept available for release at a uniform rate during periods of both high flow when there is a plentiful supply and during dry spells. When I think of the weeks and months of wet seasons in Queensland when the rivers burst their banks and millions upon millions of gallons of water flow into the sea, when I think of the difficulties and tragedies of the dry periods we experience in that State, I cannot help but feel that those who are to enjoy the benefits of this great scheme are fortunate indeed. The water to be made available for irrigation in the Murrumbidgee valley will be increased by approximately 1,000,000 acre feet a year while over 800,000 acre feet more will be made available annually in the Murray valley. But we do not appreciate just how important this great increase is until we realize that it will supply about 3,000 farms and will support an increased population of 150,000. What a wonderful thing that is for this country! What a wonderful thing it is for a country with a rapidly increasing population, a country to which more and more people are coming to live, that we are able, through a scheme such as this, to settle 150,000 people in the area. When we look at the map and note the Snowy River rising in New South Wales and flowing into the sea in Victoria, we realize that the major benefit will naturally accrue to New South Wales and Victoria. We have certainly appreciated what has been said by our South Australian colleagues during this debate, but we must remind them of the Minister's secondreading speech in which he stated that South Australia also will gain by the improved water conservation in that more water will be available in the river Murray during dry periods. J was pleased to hear my colleague, Senator Pearson, express appreciation of the proposed amendment which has been circulated by the Minister, for I am confident that South Australia will also agree wilh us that by this scheme we are achieving a great deal indeed. It should also be appreciated that in a drought period South Australia will receive an increase of 60,000 acre feet of water a year. It cannot be denied that this is indeed a very helpful contribution.

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snowy river

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Then, looking to the east still further in the range, one finds the headwaters of the Snowy River trapped. That river, at the moment rising in New South Wales, flows through the eastern projection of Victoria and enters the sea. Hitherto, the great bulk of the water has been wasted - not used. It is now being trapped in the Kosciusko storage. Power stations are erected along the alignment, and ultimately the waters are diverted from Victoria to the Murray. I understand they will ultimately add 730,000 acre feet of water to the Murray. Along these various lines, further reservoirs are built. The whole scheme ultimately envisages some fifteen power stations - with the possibility of two more when certain other works are completed - capable of producing 3.000,000 kilowatts of power, a quantity almost equal to the total production of power in Australia to-day and certainly very considerably in excess of the total quantity produced at the moment by New South Wales and Victoria in combination. Having adverted very inadequately to the scheme, I now suggest that if one projects one's mind into that rugged and difficult country one can see the terrific amount of human thought and human endeavour that has gone into the carrying out of this scheme. It was most proper that the Minister should pay tribute to the men who, under difficult climatic conditions, have advanced the scheme to the present stage. I join with him in paying tribute to them and to the commissioner, Sir William Hudson, who was appointed originally to sponsor the scheme and who has done so with very great success up to the present time. I pay tribute also to the associate commissioners, the engineers and others who were associated with him. Again, one must not forget the contractors who brought modern skills and equipment to their aid in carrying out the contracts for the various phases of the scheme. Whilst speaking of the vision splendid in the matter, my mind goes back to the very prophetic vision of the poet Henry Lawson in his poem, " The Storm that is to Come ". Perhaps, the Senate will bear with me while I read the following extracts from that poem: - By our place in the midst of the farthest seas we are fated to stand alone - When the nations fly at each other's throats let Australia look to her own; Let her spend her gold on the barren West for the land and its manhood's sake; For the South must look to herself for strength in the storm that is yet to break. The West cries out at last in drought; but the coastal towns are dumb; And the East must look to the West for food in the war that is to come. He concluded - I have pictured long in the land I love what the land I love might be, Where the Darling rises from Queensland rains and the floods rush out to the sea. And is it our fate to wake too late to the truth that we have been blind, With a foreign foe at our harbour-gate and a blazing drought behind? There, certainly, was the long, distant vision that comes to poets and people of that kind, and to-day there is rapidly coming into fruition the very thing that Lawson envisaged in a slightly removed area. I refer to the problem of picking up our rivers which, in their rush of water in the rainy season, mostly vanish into the sea. On behalf of the Opposition, I express the hope that this great project will be the forerunner of many more, that it will command the support of all parties in this Parliament. It is a national work of the highest character. It should not be delayed by State or party considerations of any kind.

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gulf of carpentaria

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I can go still further north and point to a remarkable instance of a community which did its very best to establish itself in the far north. I refer to the town of Croydon, about 300 miles north-west of Charters Towers, about 100 miles from the Gulf of Carpentaria, and about 2,000 miles by sea, round the Cape York Peninsula, to Brisbane. As you will appreciate, Mr. Speaker, that was a very isolated community, cut off by rugged terrain from the sea ports of the east and south-east. Nevertheless, because of the very rich reefs of Croydon, the people who were there were spurred, by opportunities for handsome rewards, to great efforts to reduce the disadvantages of isolation. A foundry and an engineering works were constructed. The miles of mining machinery that line the reefs of Croydon to-day - air compressors, steam engines, boilers and winding gear - were mostly made in that far northern, isolated foundry. Unfortunately, the great Golden Gate reef, which was the main supplier of wealth to Croydon, many feet wide and yielding many ounces to the ton, suddenly faulted, and searchers have never been able to find any trace of the rest of it. So, the history and the prosperity of Croydon ended. It is tragic, Mr. Speaker, that that mineral wealth did not have the endurance of such ore-producing areas as Mount Isa and Broken Hill, because 1 have no doubt that those people, with their application and their desperate attempts to reduce the geographical disadvantages that they suffered, would have established, had they been able to exist in the area, an industry which would have supplied very rich mineral ores to the east and south-east. They would have built up their industry on local coal and iron deposits. But that was not to be. Instead of the many thousands of people who were in Croydon during the 90's of the last century - a considerable number when it is realized that at that time the total population of Queensland was under 400,000 - there are now only a few dozen. It is an area of well laid out streets, stone-faced gutterings, and aged buildings, mostly deserted. Strange to say, there are lamp posts made in the local foundry and patterned on those of London's gas-lit era. I mention that, not for any poetic significance that it might have, but to indicate the hopes and the spirit of the people who were there. They felt that they could establish a community, and had they been able to do so it would have been an outpost in the far north. They could obtain only beef locally; everything else had to be imported. They had incentive to produce foodstuffs, but their knowledge of agricultural conditions in a summer rainfall area was too meagre to enable them to make a success of the venture. It was not so long ago that the Darling Downs area was considered to be too far north to be a successful wheatgrowing area. Yet, to-day, with new strains of wheat to suit our particular conditions, we grow some of the finest wheat in Australia. To-day, wheat is successfully grown north of the Tropic of Capricorn, in the Peak Downs area. I think that that indicates the possibilities that we have for our future. We have seen the successes achieved by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organzation in its endeavours in the north-west of Western Australia, in the Kimberleys area - I think on the Ord River - and also at Katherine, in the Northern Territory. We have seen the success of ricegrowing in the region of Darwin, and I am sure that vigorous experimentation will find fodders and grains suitable for those areas. The scientists no doubt will find fertilizers that will give optimum productivity and, what is most important, a legume which will give fertility to our soil. If they evolve such a legume, they will break the barrier to t. successful agronomy for northern Australia. Queensland is on the verge of a great awakening. There has been tremendous discoveries of vast mineral resources. I mention Mount Isa, Mary Kathleen and Weipa, and no doubt there will be many more. The ores from these new discoveries will be processed and refined in the north. That will bring there a new population, and the mere fact of those communities being developed will result in the establishment of greater communities to serve those people. T can visualise eventually many new jobs being created of a very high standard in north Queensland, but we still have quite a way to go. It is of no use exhorting the people in those areas to grow more sorghum and more beef until we can find markets to absorb the increased production. But we must be ready to take advantage of those markets when they eventuate.

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ord river

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I can go still further north and point to a remarkable instance of a community which did its very best to establish itself in the far north. I refer to the town of Croydon, about 300 miles north-west of Charters Towers, about 100 miles from the Gulf of Carpentaria, and about 2,000 miles by sea, round the Cape York Peninsula, to Brisbane. As you will appreciate, Mr. Speaker, that was a very isolated community, cut off by rugged terrain from the sea ports of the east and south-east. Nevertheless, because of the very rich reefs of Croydon, the people who were there were spurred, by opportunities for handsome rewards, to great efforts to reduce the disadvantages of isolation. A foundry and an engineering works were constructed. The miles of mining machinery that line the reefs of Croydon to-day - air compressors, steam engines, boilers and winding gear - were mostly made in that far northern, isolated foundry. Unfortunately, the great Golden Gate reef, which was the main supplier of wealth to Croydon, many feet wide and yielding many ounces to the ton, suddenly faulted, and searchers have never been able to find any trace of the rest of it. So, the history and the prosperity of Croydon ended. It is tragic, Mr. Speaker, that that mineral wealth did not have the endurance of such ore-producing areas as Mount Isa and Broken Hill, because 1 have no doubt that those people, with their application and their desperate attempts to reduce the geographical disadvantages that they suffered, would have established, had they been able to exist in the area, an industry which would have supplied very rich mineral ores to the east and south-east. They would have built up their industry on local coal and iron deposits. But that was not to be. Instead of the many thousands of people who were in Croydon during the 90's of the last century - a considerable number when it is realized that at that time the total population of Queensland was under 400,000 - there are now only a few dozen. It is an area of well laid out streets, stone-faced gutterings, and aged buildings, mostly deserted. Strange to say, there are lamp posts made in the local foundry and patterned on those of London's gas-lit era. I mention that, not for any poetic significance that it might have, but to indicate the hopes and the spirit of the people who were there. They felt that they could establish a community, and had they been able to do so it would have been an outpost in the far north. They could obtain only beef locally; everything else had to be imported. They had incentive to produce foodstuffs, but their knowledge of agricultural conditions in a summer rainfall area was too meagre to enable them to make a success of the venture. It was not so long ago that the Darling Downs area was considered to be too far north to be a successful wheatgrowing area. Yet, to-day, with new strains of wheat to suit our particular conditions, we grow some of the finest wheat in Australia. To-day, wheat is successfully grown north of the Tropic of Capricorn, in the Peak Downs area. I think that that indicates the possibilities that we have for our future. We have seen the successes achieved by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organzation in its endeavours in the north-west of Western Australia, in the Kimberleys area - I think on the Ord River - and also at Katherine, in the Northern Territory. We have seen the success of ricegrowing in the region of Darwin, and I am sure that vigorous experimentation will find fodders and grains suitable for those areas. The scientists no doubt will find fertilizers that will give optimum productivity and, what is most important, a legume which will give fertility to our soil. If they evolve such a legume, they will break the barrier to t. successful agronomy for northern Australia. Queensland is on the verge of a great awakening. There has been tremendous discoveries of vast mineral resources. I mention Mount Isa, Mary Kathleen and Weipa, and no doubt there will be many more. The ores from these new discoveries will be processed and refined in the north. That will bring there a new population, and the mere fact of those communities being developed will result in the establishment of greater communities to serve those people. T can visualise eventually many new jobs being created of a very high standard in north Queensland, but we still have quite a way to go. It is of no use exhorting the people in those areas to grow more sorghum and more beef until we can find markets to absorb the increased production. But we must be ready to take advantage of those markets when they eventuate.

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port jackson

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In 1932 I sat in two meetings at which men of the northern area of New South Wales solemnly debated the question of whether they would revolt. I cast my vote and my influence against that course. In 1948 a rising tide of rage and despair was diverted to constitutional ends by the revival of the new State movement. The day may come when men such as the right honorable member for Cowper (Sir Earle Page) and I, who have fought the constitutional battle on constitutional lines, will be either discredited by our failure or have passed from the scene. Others less patient than we are may take our place and, if civil revolt breaks out, the responsibility will lie squarely on the heads of those who continually refuse to implement the Constitution which provides expressly for the creation of new States. Let me read a letter which was published in the Armidale " Express " and the " Sydney Morning Herald ". It was written recently by a highly educated man, a first cousin of Sir Winston Churchill - Mr. Hugh Frewin, Jerome Park, Dorrigo, New England. The letter reads - Mr. Ulrich Ellis, the campaign director of the New England movement, has appealed for selfgovernment as a democratic right within five years. The time is all too long. The late Jafar Pasha once said to me, " Independence is never given; it is taken ". A profound reflection! Three-quarters of a million people with an annual production of £248,000,000 are not to be put off. Their secession is the only practicable measure towards decentralisation. If it does not come soon, we shall be faced with all the strife and bad blood which attended Irish separation and Indian partition. Australia cannot afford that. Unity, in the face of external danger, is even more important. Mr. Frewin concluded his letter in this way, as he is something of a poet - You have plundered our lands For your bridges and streets, And pledged all our assets To brand us as cheats. But the soul of a people, Still honoured and great, Shall arise from the wreck Of this down-trodden State. That is a significant letter. Honorable members may have thought that I was romancing when 1 said that in 1932 I sat in two meetings at which men of the northern part of New South Wales solemnly debated whether they would actively rebel against the government in power at the time. I have stated truthfully the position which then existed. I cast my vote and used my influence against the proposal then, as I would do now. But as I have pointed out, there may, and almost certainly will, come a time when those who do not think in terms of the Constitution will take the law into their own hands if their request for a new State is not granted. Similar conditions obtain all over the world. There are countries in which on the surface everything seems to be flowing along placidly and then the day comes when the clam bursts. How can one account for these sudden outbursts? It is all very well for honorable members to laugh. But the requests of people to break away from the constant pledging and use of their assets to build little more than a tremendous atomic target on the shores of Port Jackson cannot long be refused. There is not a military man in this chamber who does not know that the military nightmare now is the atomic or nuclear bomb which will come from the bottom of the sea in the form of a Polaris or similar missile. It may be practicable to guard against a long-range missile, but one's chances are very slight when an attack comes from very close to one's own shores. I believe that the position will be unchanged for a long time.

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sydney harbour

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- It is fair, and the Minister said the same thing in his answer. We read a year or so ago about something that happened over Sydney. I do not know why these things happen, but they are ludicrous. An Auster aircraft standing on Bankstown aerodrome got out of control and took off. There was nobody in it, but it started itself and took to the air. Do honorable members know where the plane which was sent to the rescue came from? It came from Richmond, 25 miles away. No aircraft was on the spot to be sent to the rescue. The Auster was the target for the day and it whizzed about over Sydney with the other plane vainly pursuing it, until the run-away plane became tired of the fun and subsided in some saltbush beside the Narrabeen Lakes. That is the sort of thing that we have to look at and be concerned about. Then we have to consider what the honorable member for Fremantle (Mr. Beazley) said about the Royal Australian Navy. That is rather important. The honorable member said that the Navy's ships had been built to their present designs because that is the way Britain builds warships. Is not that the way the mind of the Prime Minister (Mr. Menzies) goes? Does he not say, " If it is good enough for Britain, it is good enough for us "? As a result, there is no building for tropical service. That is not considered. Furthermore, Australians, as sailors, are quite different from the British. Australians are not used to campaigns in the frozen wastes, although they have served there also on occasions. The honorable member for Fremantle has made a valid point there. Surely some one should have thought of this. Anybody who examines the Navy will find that we have twelve ships of various kinds, including sloops and supply ships. However, we have one Chief of Naval Staff, seven rear admirals, four commodores second class, 56 captains, 152 commanders, 976 lieutenant-commanders, lieutenants and sub-lieutenants, and 200 snotties, or midshipmen and cadet midshipmen. Surely one of those people might have thought or suggested that this business of constructing ships in the same old way as they are constructed in Britain was out of date. The Royal Australian Navy is like Kipling's old flotilla in his poem, "The Road to Mandalay ", which lay off Rangoon. It is a collection of little herring-gutted ships with no accommodation for the ordinary sailors and with horrible outmoded and stupid class distinction still prevailing - a wardroom for the officers and anywhere you can get for the troops - with the precious cubic air content sharply contrasted between officers and men, and heavily in favour of the " brass ". The consideration of these matters while the Defence estimates are under consideration is valid, as has been indicated by the honorable member for Fremantle. Government supporters say that the Opposition is always knocking something. Ought not we to say something about the things that happen? Have we been given any explanation about the recent battle in Jervis Bay. I see from my notes that the destroyers " Anzac " and " Tobruk " engaged in mortal combat there. " Tobruk " was hit by a practice projectile from its sister ship, " Anzac ", and had to be put in dry dock. A few days after it was put in dry dock, we were told that it would be put into the mothball fleet. It is to go to Athol Bight, in Sydney Harbour, and take its place among the thin line of ships sleeping away their time until they go to the breaking-up yards. So far as I know, no very serious inquiries have been made about that, but that sort of thing costs the people money, and we want to know why it happens. We do know, at least, that a valiant message came from the commander of " Tobruk ", who said, " Our men behaved splendidly ". lt was only practice. There was no warhead on the projectile, but it made a damned big hole in the ship, although as one of its able seamen - an ordinary A.B. who hails from my electorate - said1, " Beyond that there was nothin' much ". That is the way with the Army. There is nothing much in it. There has never been much in the Navy either. That is why we bring up these points about defence expenditure, which so far has totalled £1,950,000,000 under this Government's administration.

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- Queensland certainly has power; but I will concede to Senator Henty that we cannot generate power as cheaply as it can be generated in Tasmania with its hydro-electric schemes. However, Queensland has an unlimited supply of coal. This coal-field about which I am now speaking is estimated to have 1,000,000,000 tons of coal. It is difficult to appreciate the magnitude of such a quantity of coal. Yet nothing will be done with it, except that it will be exported. I remember reading years ago some poems by C. J. Dennis. He wrote about The Glugs of Gosh. The Glugs were a group of people who were happy to sell their stones and rocks to people who visited them. The payment was in trinkets or something glittering - something to amuse them. This arrangement continued and The Glugs of Gosh traded all their stones and rocks to the people who called upon them. I say that the people of Queensland at present are like The Glugs of Gosh. They are trading their natural resources for money which will go quickly and leave them with nothing in place of their natural resources. Queensland wants something of greater economic value than what it will get out of this agreement. It will certainly provide a little employment for some people. The coal has to be won from the mines. The railway line, if it eventuates, will have to be constructed from Gladstone to the coal-field. Then there will be the loading, the unloading and so on. A place will be needed to stockpile the coal as it is brought into Gladstone. I appreciate all those things; but they will provide employment for only a few people, whereas, if we had some works in which the coal could be used to greater advantage, we would be well on the way to providing more employment for the people of Queensland. I read in a newspaper to-day that only yesterday a ship brought to Newcastle some kind of new furnace required for the Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited. This furnace, which is of the very latest design, will be used in the manufacture of steel. I believe it is known as the oxygen type of furnace. It will certainly boost the manufacture of steel in Newcastle or Port Kembla. That is all very well in its way. That company, of course, manufactures steel and processes it. That gives employment to thousands of people. But Queensland is denied that right. Senator Paltridge is looking at me. Is it not true that in Western Australia a plant costing about £10,000,000 will be built to convert bauxite into alumina? That is a start. Once that plant gets going, it will provide employment for Western Australians. I see the picture this way: This coal will go to a country that buys the greatest quantity of greasy merino wool on the Australian market. The wool goes to Japan. There it is manufactured into textiles and sold to the countries of the world that require textiles, including Australia. We are sending our raw materials - not one, but several of them - out of the country. Our natural resources, our riches are flowing out of the country and nothing is coming in to replace them. That is the sad part of the picture.

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C suez

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suez

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- We have to go back. Unfortunately honorable members opposite are not impressed with these ideas. They are my ideas. Honorable members opposite would start from just a few years ago. I know that in a sense honorable members opposite are furthering an Asiatic doctrine of despotism, which is completely contrary to Europeanism. As I have said, our modern way of life began with the Homeric poets in 1200 B.C. From that beginning sprang our Christian religion, for which we should be very grateful. It had its beginning in Asia. Its roots did not take hold there but in Europe because Christianity was parallel with European thinking. To-day the people of Europe are completely opposed to the materialistic thinking of Asia. This is reflected in their antagonism towards Russia and communism. That antagonism has been the greatest factor in the success of the Common Market. To the people of Europe communism is anathema. It is degradation. The materialism of communism, which reduces man to the level of an animal, is complete anathema to Europeans. That is why the various nations of Europe, which have been rivals for thousands of years, have now united, almost miraculously, in order to raise their standards of living and to give effect to the early European philosophies concerning human dignity and liberty. It is important to remember these things when we feel that Britain's entry into the Common Market will have an impact on our primary industries. It has been suggested that we should not have fought for better terms for Australia in Britain's entry into the Common Market, but I believe that that fight has been worth while because it has indicated to Britain the very great concern that we in this fast developing nation feel for our markets abroad. Through the ability of our leaders, this has been completely brought home to Great Britain. Great Britain has lost its world leadership. Leadership has now passed to the United States of America. We look upon that country as our defender. Unfortunately, the traditions and philosophy of the United States have taken, probably, a turn away from those of Europe. I believe that the average American does not think back beyond 1776 when America threw off the yoke of European power. After all, because of their inherited advantages from Europe the Americans made a great nation. But their thinking, unfortunately, has not worked out very well for the world. However, I would not criticize our American friends and I would not detract from their great and sincere efforts to make the world a better place for the average person to live in. Their thinking has stemmed from Suez to the present day. I believe that most of the problems and most of the very serious human sufferings in Africa to-day stem from this naive American thinking. To-day, it is very necessary indeed that we have a third force in the world because we ourselves are tending towards the materialism that is so evident in Russia and China. I believe that Europe can be a great beacon to help us on the way to a better and happier world. Debate (on motion by Mr. Duthie) adjourned. House adjourned at 10.43 p.m. The following answers to questions were circulated: - Tariff: Special Emergency Duties. Mr. Ward asked the Minister for Trade, upon notice -

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C exmouth gulf

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exmouth gulf

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- I did not walk out. You ought to read the speech I made at the conference. Labour supporters have proposed the establishment of a nuclearfree zone. The Labour Party's brilliant poet, Mr. Haylen, even wrote a little poem about it and about the proposed base, with apologies to Dorothea Mackellar. I read that with great interest and I thought it was not at all bad. When I was in Queensland a few days ago, the sixteenyear old daughter of one of our candidates in the Queensland elections handed me a poem in answer to Mr. Haylen's splendid effort. I should like to read it. Entitled " A sunburnt country, with apologies to Mr. Haylen ". It reads - I would hate a sunburnt country, where Commos fly the planes, Nikita Kruschchev's conquest, a land of grief and pains, Liquidations by the thousands, indoctrinations by the score. If you have realized it already, I hope it strikes you more. Core of my heart, my country, farewell to the fair and free, With the raids from Moscow coming, your answer is the D.L.P. The foolish ones who protest to keep us nuclear free Will be the first to run for cover when Nikita troops we see. Yes, I love a sunburnt country, not under Com mo rule But never do I wish to attend an indoctrination school. That is quite a good answer, I believe, to Haylen's tremendous poem. The Labour Party's advocacy of a nuclear-free zone is stupid. Why does Labour try to destroy the Exmouth Gulf base? Labour senators do not believe in this policy, but they are led by the nose. They are led by the nose because they cannot get rid of the Communists who are controlling their party to-day. I am appealing to you people to do something about it.

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C hunter river

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hunter river

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The £2,750,000 provided for in the bill is to be spent over six years. I think it is important that a time limit has been placed on the expenditure of this money. We all have vivid memories of dams being started and not completed, with the result that the ultimate costs has been far greater than the original estimate. It is very pleasing that the money is to be spent over a period of six years. While the Commonwealth's contribution will be £2,750,000 the total expenditure will be more than £12,900,000- just on £13,000,000. I think, too, that it is fortunate in one respect that this offer has been made at this time, because councils to-day are not finding it difficult to obtain sufficient moneys for the various works that they want to undertake. I think it has been stated already that in these five counties along the Hunter River there are between 300,000 and 400,000 people living in an area of 5,500,000 acres. That is a tremendous area and when it is covered by flood water it resembles a great inland sea. We are also told that in normal times when there are no floods the products of the area are worth something like £9,000,000 a year. If the area can be made reasonably free from floods then its productivity will be increased greatly. If I might digress for a moment, I think Senator Ormonde made some reference to share farming on the north coast. He did not specifically mention the Hunter valley but I took it that he was including that area when he referred to share farming as being a peasant type of existence. I took that to mean that he was saying that it was not a lucrative occupation. That may be so in certain cases, but it is not true of share farming generally. For instance, only this year one share farmer in my district produced 70,000 bags of wheat, the first payment on which will be over £90,000. Therefore, it cannot be said that all share farmers are verging on bankruptcy. I think it was Senator Anderson who said that some areas benefit from floods because the receding waters leave behind them very valuable soil, but I remind the Senate that while floods do deposit valuable silt on some areas they denude other areas of their good soil. In some years, floods are responsible for carrying thousands upon thousands of tons of good fertile soil into . the sea. This is one of the things that flood mitigation can help to prevent. Soil conservation, for instance, can be related to flood mitigation in this way, and we have seen great strides made in the prevention of soil erosion during the past few years. The prevention of soil erosion anywhere will help considerably in flood mitigation work because by preventing soil erosion much can be done to hold the waters in their original channels. One honorable senator quoted some poetry this afternoon. It reminded me of the poem about the drover who was returning home. It went something like this - Every creek and gully sends forth its little flood Until the river runs a banker, all stained with yellow mud. That is how floods start. If the run-off can be prevented then something at least is done towards minimizing the effects of floods. Mention has also been made of the civil defence organization in New South Wales. When speaking about floods I think we should pay a tribute to this organization because it is doing very good work indeed. From what I can gather the civil defence organization in New South Wales is probably better organized and more efficient than that of any other State, and I think this is due largely to the very good work of the director, Major-General Dougherty. Again, there is a great deal of satisfaction to be gained from the way in which the people in flooded areas have organized things to minimize flood damage. For instance, the shopkeepers have erected substantial shelves at high levels on which to place their goods during times of flood. In one town that I know of business was resumed some two or three hours after the flood receded despite the fact that the water had been 3 or 4 feet deep in the town. In this way, the people have shown that they are certainly worthy of any assistance that we can give them in the way of flood mitigation.

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C sydney harbour

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sydney harbour

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.-! take this opportunity on Grievance Day to register once again my very strong protest and to express my great concern about the proposal of the Department of the Army to develop further building projects at Georges Heights on Middle Head in my electorate. In this protest I am not criticising the Minister for the Army (Dr. Forbes), because I am fully aware of his sympathetic appreciation of the matter upon which I am about to speak. I am protesting not only on behalf of the people in the electorate of Warringah and the people of Sydney but also on behalf of all Australians who have love in their hearts for our priceless scenic heritage such as is provided by the rugged headlands and foreshores of Sydney. I believe that these are regions of unique natural beauty of world renown. They, to wax rather poetical, are part of the scenic crown jewels of Australia. 1 have received many letters and telephone calls protesting against the Army's intention. All protests emphasise the necessity to preserve the headlands and foreshores of Sydney Harbour in their wild state. I emphasise that this is just as important to millions of Australians as the enhancement of the national capital as a symbol of national pride. I am very firm in my conviction that the Federal Government should hold this land on the foreshores of Sydney Harbour as a trustee for the Australian people or, in accordance with the required procedures, should pass it over to the New South Wales Government so that it may be preserved as a national park. In that case, of course, it would be necessary to establish a trust in respect of the area. I am appalled at the building development that has already taken place on Middle Head. It has scarred and is destroying the wild and natural beauty of the area. As an example of what I mean by the disfiguration and damage that is being done to Middle Head, I refer to the caption which appeared under some photographs in the " Mosman Daily " of 2nd April and which graphically illustrate the Army's use - of Middle Head's dilapidated Army homes, decaying huts, disused barracks, neglected parade grounds. . . . Yet the Army proposes to build more of these units which means that one of the most beautiful headlands in the world is to be further despoiled, disfigured and damaged. The pictures in the newspaper tell their own depressing story. The entrance to Sydney through the heads, as you well know, Mr. Deputy Speaker, is an impressive sight which is enjoyed by thousands of tourists who come to Australia. They are immediately impressed by the grandeur of the headlands, by the majestic foreshores which are lapped by the waves rolling in through the heads. It is a magnificent and breathtaking entry to Sydney. For goodness sake, let us preserve this one good entry to Sydney in all its magnificence to compensate in a very large measure for the Mascot Airport goat track. The delightful headland area is viewed also by many thousands of pleasure seekers who man about 1,300 yachts and innumerable other small craft on Sydney Harbour during the summer months. It is viewed also by the many thousands of ferry travellers. But all this wild and natural beauty, this scenic grandeur to which I am referring, is diminishing. This great heritage is being lost to the community as a result of what in my opinion is an indiscriminate and unplanned use of the headlands by the Defence Services.

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C port kembla

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port kembla

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Today, bulk carriers of 50,000 tons are commonplace. Bulk carriers of 80,000 tons are commonplace and, in relation to the petroleum trade, one Japanese vessel is of 150,000 tons dead weight and another one, the " Idematsu Maru ", is on the stocks in Japan and is soon to be commissioned with a dead weight tonnage of 205,000 and with a draught, incidentally, of 56 feet. No major port in Australia could accommodate it at the present time. It is true that most of these tankers stand off shore, couple up to a pipeline and discharge their cargo by pump, but the point that I want to make is that today these super tankers, whose existence is, in the main, due to the closure of the Suez Canal during its takeover by Egypt and the need to get economies of scale by the building of super vessels, are capable of making remarkable - even fantastic - economies in transport. There is no earthly reason why we should not take advantage of bulk carriers for the transport of our iron ore outwards and, for such time as we continue to import it, petroleum inwards. The bulk carrier is the vessel of the future. To take a typical case, I mention that the Japanese super tanker, the " Tokyo Maru " of 150,000 tons dead weight, has a crew of 29. It is as fully automated as any vessel can be. There is no earthly reason why we should not be entering into that field in relation to overseas shipping. The matter goes further. It is not just a matter of building one or two bulk carriers of that size. I am informed, credibly, that there are proposals for tankers of even 300,000 tons capacity to be built. We live in a new age and it is time the Government took a new approach to this problem. It is not good enough for us to live in the past. At the present time there is no port in Australia which is capable of handling the conventional heavy cargo freighters which are being built for economies of scale. Let us consider only the steel industry. If we are going to have ore carriers of 100,000 tons capacity heaving to off the north western coast of Western Australia we will need to have sufficient capacity in our harbours at Newcastle and Port Kembla to deal with them. The whole approach at the present time with the division of authority and responsibility between the States and the Commonwealth Government can lead only to an intensification of existing chaos or, in the words of the poet, of confusion worse confounded. Yesterday there was an announcement by the Maritime Services Board in Sydney of the proposal for New South Wales port reconstructions for a ten year period. This is highly relevant to the activities of the Australian National Line. The harbour of Sydney is one of the best in the world; the port and the port facilities are among the worst, lt is a revelation to look at that port, to examine it and, particularly, to remember the scathing words in the report of Mr. Commissioner Basten in 1952 in which he seriously queried the advisability of continuing to redevelop the port of Sydney and asked whether in point of fact it would be better to consider the establishment of an alternative port where there were not the disadvantages, and particular disadvantages, of an absence of rail links. I should like to cite to the House that only 37 of the 120 shipping berths in Sydney have rail connections. Worse than that, we are back in the days of the First Fleet when Sydney Cove - Circular Quay - was naturally the main centre for shipping to tie up and to discharge its cargo. Today, on that peninsula between Darling Harbour and Woolloomooloo, we have all the traffic problems of the second largest white city in the British Commonwealth. Yet the Maritime Services Board proposes to redevelop certain of those wharves. In certain cases it hopes to provide as much as six acres of space for the motor trucks which will come there, but it can provide no solution to the traffic problems of the inner city or of Sydney itself, problems which have already attacked and substantially reduced its retail shopping trade and problems which will intensify.

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C sydney cove

Placename

sydney cove

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Today, bulk carriers of 50,000 tons are commonplace. Bulk carriers of 80,000 tons are commonplace and, in relation to the petroleum trade, one Japanese vessel is of 150,000 tons dead weight and another one, the " Idematsu Maru ", is on the stocks in Japan and is soon to be commissioned with a dead weight tonnage of 205,000 and with a draught, incidentally, of 56 feet. No major port in Australia could accommodate it at the present time. It is true that most of these tankers stand off shore, couple up to a pipeline and discharge their cargo by pump, but the point that I want to make is that today these super tankers, whose existence is, in the main, due to the closure of the Suez Canal during its takeover by Egypt and the need to get economies of scale by the building of super vessels, are capable of making remarkable - even fantastic - economies in transport. There is no earthly reason why we should not take advantage of bulk carriers for the transport of our iron ore outwards and, for such time as we continue to import it, petroleum inwards. The bulk carrier is the vessel of the future. To take a typical case, I mention that the Japanese super tanker, the " Tokyo Maru " of 150,000 tons dead weight, has a crew of 29. It is as fully automated as any vessel can be. There is no earthly reason why we should not be entering into that field in relation to overseas shipping. The matter goes further. It is not just a matter of building one or two bulk carriers of that size. I am informed, credibly, that there are proposals for tankers of even 300,000 tons capacity to be built. We live in a new age and it is time the Government took a new approach to this problem. It is not good enough for us to live in the past. At the present time there is no port in Australia which is capable of handling the conventional heavy cargo freighters which are being built for economies of scale. Let us consider only the steel industry. If we are going to have ore carriers of 100,000 tons capacity heaving to off the north western coast of Western Australia we will need to have sufficient capacity in our harbours at Newcastle and Port Kembla to deal with them. The whole approach at the present time with the division of authority and responsibility between the States and the Commonwealth Government can lead only to an intensification of existing chaos or, in the words of the poet, of confusion worse confounded. Yesterday there was an announcement by the Maritime Services Board in Sydney of the proposal for New South Wales port reconstructions for a ten year period. This is highly relevant to the activities of the Australian National Line. The harbour of Sydney is one of the best in the world; the port and the port facilities are among the worst, lt is a revelation to look at that port, to examine it and, particularly, to remember the scathing words in the report of Mr. Commissioner Basten in 1952 in which he seriously queried the advisability of continuing to redevelop the port of Sydney and asked whether in point of fact it would be better to consider the establishment of an alternative port where there were not the disadvantages, and particular disadvantages, of an absence of rail links. I should like to cite to the House that only 37 of the 120 shipping berths in Sydney have rail connections. Worse than that, we are back in the days of the First Fleet when Sydney Cove - Circular Quay - was naturally the main centre for shipping to tie up and to discharge its cargo. Today, on that peninsula between Darling Harbour and Woolloomooloo, we have all the traffic problems of the second largest white city in the British Commonwealth. Yet the Maritime Services Board proposes to redevelop certain of those wharves. In certain cases it hopes to provide as much as six acres of space for the motor trucks which will come there, but it can provide no solution to the traffic problems of the inner city or of Sydney itself, problems which have already attacked and substantially reduced its retail shopping trade and problems which will intensify.

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C darling harbour

Placename

darling harbour

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Today, bulk carriers of 50,000 tons are commonplace. Bulk carriers of 80,000 tons are commonplace and, in relation to the petroleum trade, one Japanese vessel is of 150,000 tons dead weight and another one, the " Idematsu Maru ", is on the stocks in Japan and is soon to be commissioned with a dead weight tonnage of 205,000 and with a draught, incidentally, of 56 feet. No major port in Australia could accommodate it at the present time. It is true that most of these tankers stand off shore, couple up to a pipeline and discharge their cargo by pump, but the point that I want to make is that today these super tankers, whose existence is, in the main, due to the closure of the Suez Canal during its takeover by Egypt and the need to get economies of scale by the building of super vessels, are capable of making remarkable - even fantastic - economies in transport. There is no earthly reason why we should not take advantage of bulk carriers for the transport of our iron ore outwards and, for such time as we continue to import it, petroleum inwards. The bulk carrier is the vessel of the future. To take a typical case, I mention that the Japanese super tanker, the " Tokyo Maru " of 150,000 tons dead weight, has a crew of 29. It is as fully automated as any vessel can be. There is no earthly reason why we should not be entering into that field in relation to overseas shipping. The matter goes further. It is not just a matter of building one or two bulk carriers of that size. I am informed, credibly, that there are proposals for tankers of even 300,000 tons capacity to be built. We live in a new age and it is time the Government took a new approach to this problem. It is not good enough for us to live in the past. At the present time there is no port in Australia which is capable of handling the conventional heavy cargo freighters which are being built for economies of scale. Let us consider only the steel industry. If we are going to have ore carriers of 100,000 tons capacity heaving to off the north western coast of Western Australia we will need to have sufficient capacity in our harbours at Newcastle and Port Kembla to deal with them. The whole approach at the present time with the division of authority and responsibility between the States and the Commonwealth Government can lead only to an intensification of existing chaos or, in the words of the poet, of confusion worse confounded. Yesterday there was an announcement by the Maritime Services Board in Sydney of the proposal for New South Wales port reconstructions for a ten year period. This is highly relevant to the activities of the Australian National Line. The harbour of Sydney is one of the best in the world; the port and the port facilities are among the worst, lt is a revelation to look at that port, to examine it and, particularly, to remember the scathing words in the report of Mr. Commissioner Basten in 1952 in which he seriously queried the advisability of continuing to redevelop the port of Sydney and asked whether in point of fact it would be better to consider the establishment of an alternative port where there were not the disadvantages, and particular disadvantages, of an absence of rail links. I should like to cite to the House that only 37 of the 120 shipping berths in Sydney have rail connections. Worse than that, we are back in the days of the First Fleet when Sydney Cove - Circular Quay - was naturally the main centre for shipping to tie up and to discharge its cargo. Today, on that peninsula between Darling Harbour and Woolloomooloo, we have all the traffic problems of the second largest white city in the British Commonwealth. Yet the Maritime Services Board proposes to redevelop certain of those wharves. In certain cases it hopes to provide as much as six acres of space for the motor trucks which will come there, but it can provide no solution to the traffic problems of the inner city or of Sydney itself, problems which have already attacked and substantially reduced its retail shopping trade and problems which will intensify.

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C sydney harbour

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sydney harbour

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1203.0

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- Each day that this Government allows conscription to continue I think of my own 14 year old boy, as I think of every other boy. I think of the sacrifices my wife and I have made to educate him in the hope that he may be able to attend a university. But if this Government remains in office I can see what might happen when be turns 18 years of age. He will be sent away for gun fodder to the war in Vietnam unless a settlement is brought about earlier. I want to place on record in this Parliament what I think is a poem appropriate to the present situation. Our first troops for Vietnam were sent away by ship from Sydney Harbour in the early hours of the morning. Almost at the same time the former Prime Minister of this country was pictured in the press at Mascot airfield waving goodbye to a former Governor-General of Australia. The report states that the Prime Minister had sadness in his eyes and tears were rolling down the cheeks of Dame Pattie. But there were no tears shed by members of the Government for the boys who were sailing clown Sydney Harbour on the way to Vietnam. Many of them have not come back, and many of them have come back as stretcher cases to be treated in suffering for many years because of the Government involving us in the filthy war in Vietnam. I consider that the words I shall quote are appropriate to the situation. They are available to all honorable members in the Parliamentary Library. The poem is titled "Battle Hymn of the Compulsory Crusaders " and reads - Onward conscript soldiers, Marching as to war; The comrades you are leaving Were lucky in the draw! Fight like Christian soldiers - It's O.K. with God- The path you tread ten million dead In ages past have trod. Onward then ye conscripts, On to Viet Nam. Why and what you're there for You could not care a damn. Slay the yellow heathens, Burn their fields of rice- And by this feat we'll sell them wheat At twice the normal price! Earth's foundations quiver To bombs on Viet Nam; A first class dress rehearsal, For Mao and Uncle Sam. Flourish freedom's banners, Praise dictator Ky, One in faith and politics, And in democracy! Onward conscript Christians Through the smoke and flame; Hide the cross of Jesus, Lest He blush for shame. Forward then ye conscripts, Fail not Holt or Ming, And day by day with L.B.J. Your requiems we'll sing. Amen. The actions of the Government will be judged at the next election. The hands of members of the Government are stained with blood, and it is true, as many people say outside this Parliament, that they are murderers because of the actions they are taking against Australian youth by sending them to Vietnam.

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suez

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However, I do not detract from what Senator Marriott, reinforced by Senator Tangney, has so usefully said. It is our duty to watch the growth at Australia House. At this particular time, though, when we are complaining about the withdrawal of British influence east of Suez and when we are comprehending a change in British thinking away from trade with Australia and towards entry into the European Common Market, we may be wise to ensure efficient representation in London. I resent the complete lack of knowledge that London often exhibits in relation even to Victoria. It is almost parallel with the lack of knowledge that Melbourne exhibits in relation to Hobart. These condescensions accompany the pleasantries of life. One enables oneself by a false sense of dignity and so forth to make the other person feel a little humiliated. I repeat that during the next pregnant decade, when change is of great importance, it may be that, rather than multiply our representation in London, we should ensure that it is most efficient and that we are properly advised on all matters, particularly in relation to defence and the re-orientation of thought in London in regard to trade. I come to the second reason for my rising. With great respect to my friend Senator Cormack, it is unfortunate that aspersions should be cast on Commonwealth countries because of their discontent or illconsidered contributions, or because of their internal policies or external considerations which affect other nations. This all makes life difficult to sustain. We have instances of this even within the peaceful confines of this chamber. We get to the stage where we irritate one another and have to bear one another's irritation. It would seem, Mr. Deputy President, that Divine Providence, whom you sometimes invoke, has guided me on this occasion. I had meant to maintain silence today. I have here a book of poetry which I have been reading all this week. The prologue contains these words - Are wc pilgrims yet to speak Out of Olivet the words of knowledge and goodwill? In relation to our Commonwealth partners, and for their benefit, we presume to put the emphasis on the word " knowledge ". As usual, I persevere in pursuit of quietude and peace and maintain that Australia should put the emphasis on the word " goodwill ". I hope that nobody will misunderstand me as presuming to offer anything but an observation which I think should temper any resentment arising out of the arrogation to this body, the Commonwealth, of the name " Commonwealth " in substitution for the " British Commonwealth ". We all know that the word is the expression of an ideal to dedicate the wealth to a common purpose. If we transplant the idea that was appropriate to the six States of Australia in 1900 to the wider field of world conceptions in the hope that that purpose of common wealth will be sufficiently supported, we sustain a real cause. Finally, I would be untrue to a friendship of very great value if I did not say to the present occupant of the post of High Commissioner that I accord my purposeful acknowledgement of his continuing discharge of duty and display of courtesy from which his nature would prevent him from ever refraining.

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lilley

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If we are to make economic progress, it is essential to foster a dynamic spirit of hard work and to avoid the excesses of the welfare State. In other words, he did not approve of any increase in pensions. The Country Party member for Canning (Mr. Hallett) said, during his contribution to the debate - But in the field of social services, those who depend on fixed incomes are now in a position in which they cannot gain in income as the economy gains momentum. As a consequence, they are at a definite disadvantage. Therefore, we should do our utmost to help them. At a later stage I will show that wide differences of opinion between the Liberal Party and the Country Party are leading to unstable government. That was one of the shots that the Country Party is having at the Liberal Party. The honorable member for Lilley (Mr. Kevin Cairns), as reported at page 328 of " Hansard ", said - Everybody knows that if the States impose additional taxes, that if the yield from taxes in Victoria and New South Wales is altered, this alteration will have an effect on the overall movement of the economy. The Country Party member for Lyne (Mr. Lucock) said - lt may be argued that a wage increase will stimulate production and industry and keep up the purchasing power of the wage earners, but constant increases in the prices of goods rather destroy the benefit of wage increases. He agreed with his colleague, the Country Party member for Canning. These two members of the Country Party were having a shot at the Liberals. As reported at page 416 of "Hansard", the Liberal Party member for Bowman (Dr. Gibbs) said - We know that pensioners have been feeling increasing hardship and they have been, in many instances, finding it difficult to live in a manner which encourages their self-respect. I believe that the payment of an extra $1 per week will go a long way towards fulfilling this need. I could go on quoting statements by Government members which border on the hypocritical, if one analyses them, but there would be no great merit in doing that because these people merely echo each other and indulge in a game of mutual backslapping. The Prime Minister (Mr. Harold Holt), when making his contribution to the Budget debate, continually complained that in the time allotted to him he was not able to spell out in detail all the good things that, he said, were contained in the Budget. But he confused himself, his supporters and all Australians, because when the Leader of the Opposition (Mr. Calwell) endeavouredto obtain for him an extension of time we saw the sorry spectacle of a Prime Minister crossing the floor of the House and voting to stop himself from speaking for longer. How ridiculous can you get? I submit, with due respect, that the reason why he took that action was that he knew there was nothing in the Budget which he could defend and that he realised that the sooner he got his speech over the better off he would be. There is a tradition that Liberal Party Prime Ministers are frustrated poets and lovers and that the objects of their affections live across the seas. I will quote a poem which, as far as I know, was composed by the previous Prime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies - now Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. It was recited to Queen Elizabeth when she last visited Australia. The words are - I did but see her passing by, But yet I'll love her till I die. His successor has-shifted his loyalties in another direction and now composes poem to L.B.J. Let me quote four lines of a poem, with apologies to the author of " Original Anzac ". The poem is dedicated to Prime Minister Holt and is as follows - All the way o'er crimson path, with L.B.J. And never count, what tragic price we pay. All the way, through years of bitter sacrifice While youth alone, pays bloody wars' full price. 1 have quoted those lines merely to show that the political sands of time are shifting for successive leaders of the Government forces. The " Bulletin " expressed pessimism regarding the Budget. I think this journal is looked upon as very reliable by members of the Liberal Party because normally it backs them up fairly strongly, but on this occasion it was fairly critical of the Treasurer. It stated - Personal consumer spending is by far the most important single item in the health of the economy, since it provides directly about two-thirds of the total market for goods and services produced.

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turon

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Many other matters could be discussed in regard to our needs in developing the tourist trade. The need for the right type of accommodation, the air conditioning of rooms and other matters are worthy of thought. But I should like to say a word now on publicity, which is the very central theme of this legislation. I propose to speak about advertising. If we are to consider the publicity that we need we should build up a national image. We must sing the song of Australia. We must think in terms of Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson, Dorothea Mackellar, Kendall and others and talk in terms of 'This is our country'. We must not be ashamed to say this is a beautiful country. We must speak up for our country. Dorothea Mackellar referred to it as the land of the rainbow gold. What better words could be used in publicity overseas for Australia in some good publication than 'Australia, land of the rainbow bold'. I can think of nothing better. This would help to sell Australia. It is colourful. It is used in relation to the Gold Coast, to the gold won from the soil, the gold being taken out of Australia in investment at the present time. All this thought of gold has a ringing appeal. It has the same appeal as that used by salesmen who speak about something being scientifically tested, that expression having some great and positive appeal. In Australia, let us sing the song of Australia and its development. Let us think in the words of our great poets and writers. Let us go forward with our radio, television, Press and lecturing campaigns talking about Australia, its wonders, this great land of the Southern Cross. If we do this we must make advances. Almost every Australian knows something about the States of America. All Australians know something about Texas, Kentucky, Wyoming and all the other States, and about the cities and towns because in Australia we sing songs about them. Yet in our own country what do we have? We have 'Road to Gundagai' and 'Croajingalong' or something like that. This is not enough. We must expand on this. We must sing the songs of the Northern Territory, of Standley Chasm and Simpson's Gap. Let us have more words about the beautiful Blue Mountains, the gold of Turon and Hill End, about the Great Barrier Reef and the Holtermann nugget. I advance these ideas to give the Government inspiration. I suggest that these things can be done. Further, I believe that through the News and Information Bureau the Commonwealth Government could play a significant part in making these thoughts known through film and literature. Let us consider the type of literature that we have. We have 'Walkabout' and a few magazines of this kind which are of quite good quality. But should not the Commonwealth Government help in this field if we are to sell Australia? Let us consider overseas publications. Of course the Soviet Union, the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom and other lands are stronger, bigger, wealthier and have greater populations, but they produce publications of very great quality. I can only hope that the Commonwealth Government will be courageous and go forward to sing the song of Australia, to extoll the virtues of this country and to tell the world of this wonderful, healthgiving climate, of the opportunities here for people not only as tourists but as settlers. Mention was made today about the difficulty people coming to Australia experienced in obtaining visas or passports. This is of importance. The Commonwealth Government should ease restrictions and make travel for tourists as easy as possible. Whilst we in this country have a definite migration policy and have firm and fixed ideas on the matter, I believe that for our Asian neighbours, who live close to us and who want to change from an Asian to a European type society, Australia offers very great advantages. I believe that we should seek this Asian trade.

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C great barrier reef

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great barrier reef

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Many other matters could be discussed in regard to our needs in developing the tourist trade. The need for the right type of accommodation, the air conditioning of rooms and other matters are worthy of thought. But I should like to say a word now on publicity, which is the very central theme of this legislation. I propose to speak about advertising. If we are to consider the publicity that we need we should build up a national image. We must sing the song of Australia. We must think in terms of Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson, Dorothea Mackellar, Kendall and others and talk in terms of 'This is our country'. We must not be ashamed to say this is a beautiful country. We must speak up for our country. Dorothea Mackellar referred to it as the land of the rainbow gold. What better words could be used in publicity overseas for Australia in some good publication than 'Australia, land of the rainbow bold'. I can think of nothing better. This would help to sell Australia. It is colourful. It is used in relation to the Gold Coast, to the gold won from the soil, the gold being taken out of Australia in investment at the present time. All this thought of gold has a ringing appeal. It has the same appeal as that used by salesmen who speak about something being scientifically tested, that expression having some great and positive appeal. In Australia, let us sing the song of Australia and its development. Let us think in the words of our great poets and writers. Let us go forward with our radio, television, Press and lecturing campaigns talking about Australia, its wonders, this great land of the Southern Cross. If we do this we must make advances. Almost every Australian knows something about the States of America. All Australians know something about Texas, Kentucky, Wyoming and all the other States, and about the cities and towns because in Australia we sing songs about them. Yet in our own country what do we have? We have 'Road to Gundagai' and 'Croajingalong' or something like that. This is not enough. We must expand on this. We must sing the songs of the Northern Territory, of Standley Chasm and Simpson's Gap. Let us have more words about the beautiful Blue Mountains, the gold of Turon and Hill End, about the Great Barrier Reef and the Holtermann nugget. I advance these ideas to give the Government inspiration. I suggest that these things can be done. Further, I believe that through the News and Information Bureau the Commonwealth Government could play a significant part in making these thoughts known through film and literature. Let us consider the type of literature that we have. We have 'Walkabout' and a few magazines of this kind which are of quite good quality. But should not the Commonwealth Government help in this field if we are to sell Australia? Let us consider overseas publications. Of course the Soviet Union, the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom and other lands are stronger, bigger, wealthier and have greater populations, but they produce publications of very great quality. I can only hope that the Commonwealth Government will be courageous and go forward to sing the song of Australia, to extoll the virtues of this country and to tell the world of this wonderful, healthgiving climate, of the opportunities here for people not only as tourists but as settlers. Mention was made today about the difficulty people coming to Australia experienced in obtaining visas or passports. This is of importance. The Commonwealth Government should ease restrictions and make travel for tourists as easy as possible. Whilst we in this country have a definite migration policy and have firm and fixed ideas on the matter, I believe that for our Asian neighbours, who live close to us and who want to change from an Asian to a European type society, Australia offers very great advantages. I believe that we should seek this Asian trade.

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plimsoll

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- As the Minister pointed out in his second reading speech, the completion of the drafting of the Bill was deferred until the various sets of complex, and in many cases voluminous, regulations necessary to give effect to it had been drafted in order to ensure that all necessary enabling powers were provided for in the Bill. All governments today recognise the critical and fundamental importance of safety at sea and the need for uniformity of regulations throughout the world. We recognise that international conventions, such as the one to which the Bill refers, are a healthy sign of progress because, notwithstanding the many things which today divide men and nations, through them countries can work together and pool their collective experience and expertise in some of the basic areas which concern the common benefit of mankind. The international character of safety of life at sea has been recognised only in the present century. No doubt this realisation was engendered by the tragic loss of the 'Titanic' in 1912. In terms of the developing recognition of the need for, and the basic importance of, this subject, tribute must be paid to the British nation which for so long has been world renowned as a nation of seamen and a nation which has been one of the prime movers in the international agreements to which I have referred. Long before these Conventions came into force the people of Britain prided themselves on the safety of their ships. They have done so for 120 years. No reference to this subject would be complete without at least a passing mention of Samuel Plimsoll and the fact that the adoption of the Plimsoll line was one of the early major steps taken to ensure the safety of life at sea. The words of the poet, that those who die at sea die unknelled, uncoffined and unknown, were hardly true, because prior to the adoption of the Plimsoll line the ships that went to sea were known as coffin ships because so many men died in them. Fortunately, these days have long since passed and the tremendous increase in international shipping and the rapid technological developments which have characterised the shipping industry in recent years have given the need for safety measures a new found importance. I do not propose to speak at length on any of the detailed measures which are embodied in the Bill, because they are of a non-controversial character. They have been accepted by the Opposition and, for the most part, they cover a diverse number of new regulations which are complex and technical in import. I simply draw attention to several amendments intended to cover nuclear ships. These amendments are undoubtedly a manifestation of the progress of our time. New section 192c which is to be inserted by clause 17 gives effect to Convention requirements in relation to nuclear ships. The clause includes also power for the making of regulations covering all matters relating to nuclear ships. It is obviously unlikely that Australia will have nuclear ships of its own for many years. Nevertheless the clause allows for the regulations to prescribe conditions which would be operative when nuclear ships entered Australian harbours and were utilised by this country. I refer also to proposed new section 206j which will provide for the issue of certificates specified in the Convention in respect of nuclear passenger ships. It is similar in nature to the requirements in respect of other passenger ships except that the nuclear ships must also comply with any further requirements that relate to the construction, equipment and machinery of nuclear ships and conform to the safety assessment of the ship. The Bill brings Commonwealth legislation into line with the latest international agreements in force throughout the world. I commend it to honourable members.

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burdekin river

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To me, that did not seem to be particularly realistic. We must recognise that at the present time there would be only a small percentage of growers who would have surplus funds with which to do as the Treasurer suggests. But I am quite sure that if they had surplus funds they would be prepared to put them into a reserve against future contingencies. I think that the Treasury will find, perhaps not only in this year but in the year to come, that very few of those engaged in primary industry, particularly in the wool industry, will have a taxable income. Further, I believe that in 1968-69 about 90% of those who are fortunate enough to earn enough income to attract taxation will be paying their taxes with borrowed money. Therefore, the advantages of drought bonds will not be gained. As Senator O'Byrne and other people have said, if portion of the income in good years could be invested in bonds bearing a short term rate of interest and then brought back into the wool grower's income at a time when he was feeling the effects of a drought, I am quite sure that such a levelling out of income would be of tremendous assistance to him. I also believe that this would be a good proposition economically. I am sure that the Treasury would benefit later as a result of additional stock being saved. In conclusion I repeat that nobody in. the primary industries, particularly the wool industry, is anxious to ask for handouts. But if we are to overcome the difficulties of the wool industry which operates in a protected economy, it is necessary that the Government understand that the wool grower sells on unprotected world markets and therefore is in a particularly bad position. I hope that people in the industry and in government will learn a lesson from the effects of the recent drought and will take every possible action to alleviate at least the worst effects of droughts that may come in the future. Senator ORMONDE (New South Wales [4.12] - I wish to express a few thoughts on this matter of drought relief. Firstly, it appears to me that men who have become experts are sent along to us and give us the benefit of their expertise, but we take no notice of them. Every proposition that is put forward for drought mitigation or flood mitigation seems to be related more to what the Treasury thinks about it than to the advice given by the experts. Everything is related to finance. I suppose that in the system under which we live that is very difficult to obviate. In my younger days we used to read of the Bradfield scheme. Dr Bradfield suggested a method of transferring the water in the Burdekin River to the centre of Australia. Honourable senators from Queensland will know more about this than I do. When it was suggested it was certainly not a very costly scheme. But nothing ever happened about it. The idea was not exactly stillborn, but it remained in the realm of fantasy and romance and is part of the great poetical story of inland Australia. There is plenty of evidence to show that it would have been one of the cheapest ways of getting water into the centre of Australia. We are now in the nuclear age. Earlier todayI asked a question about a groupof American scientists who are looking for ways of making dams to conserve water in the centre of Australia. Sir William Hudson has left his position as Commissioner of the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Authority a very disillusioned man. Recently he was reported in one of the magazines - I think it was the 'Bulletin' -as saying that the fact that the authorities had not accepted the proposition to extend the reservoir system at Lake Eucumbene was a matter of great regret to him. He advanced a water conservation proposition for filling a reserve lake with water produced from snow. I think the Government is looking at the proposition with a very icy stare. Sir William Hudson is very disappointed. He said so at a meeting of the Murrumbidgee Water Users Association. The water users in the irrigation areas are starting to demand attention. I attended a meeting that was addressed by the Minister for Primary Industry (Mr Anthony). I was most impressedby what he said about the drought problem. He said that the essentials in attacking this problem were, firstly, drought organisation - we talked about that on Tuesday; secondly, water conservation; thirdly, fertiliser aid; fourthly, performance testing grants -I do not know what that means, but another senator might be able to tell me; fifthly, education assistance; and finally, occupational transfer and pensioning - I dare say that that is the rationalisation of properties. Whatever ideas the Minister for Primary Industry may have, the solution of the problem is related finally to whether we can afford to implement them. Any Treasury official who sits down and works out whether we can afford to do something, particularly in regard to flood mitigation, must balance the cost of doing it against the great losses suffered by the man on the land and by Australia as a nation as a result of repeated floods.

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C lake eucumbene

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lake eucumbene

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To me, that did not seem to be particularly realistic. We must recognise that at the present time there would be only a small percentage of growers who would have surplus funds with which to do as the Treasurer suggests. But I am quite sure that if they had surplus funds they would be prepared to put them into a reserve against future contingencies. I think that the Treasury will find, perhaps not only in this year but in the year to come, that very few of those engaged in primary industry, particularly in the wool industry, will have a taxable income. Further, I believe that in 1968-69 about 90% of those who are fortunate enough to earn enough income to attract taxation will be paying their taxes with borrowed money. Therefore, the advantages of drought bonds will not be gained. As Senator O'Byrne and other people have said, if portion of the income in good years could be invested in bonds bearing a short term rate of interest and then brought back into the wool grower's income at a time when he was feeling the effects of a drought, I am quite sure that such a levelling out of income would be of tremendous assistance to him. I also believe that this would be a good proposition economically. I am sure that the Treasury would benefit later as a result of additional stock being saved. In conclusion I repeat that nobody in. the primary industries, particularly the wool industry, is anxious to ask for handouts. But if we are to overcome the difficulties of the wool industry which operates in a protected economy, it is necessary that the Government understand that the wool grower sells on unprotected world markets and therefore is in a particularly bad position. I hope that people in the industry and in government will learn a lesson from the effects of the recent drought and will take every possible action to alleviate at least the worst effects of droughts that may come in the future. Senator ORMONDE (New South Wales [4.12] - I wish to express a few thoughts on this matter of drought relief. Firstly, it appears to me that men who have become experts are sent along to us and give us the benefit of their expertise, but we take no notice of them. Every proposition that is put forward for drought mitigation or flood mitigation seems to be related more to what the Treasury thinks about it than to the advice given by the experts. Everything is related to finance. I suppose that in the system under which we live that is very difficult to obviate. In my younger days we used to read of the Bradfield scheme. Dr Bradfield suggested a method of transferring the water in the Burdekin River to the centre of Australia. Honourable senators from Queensland will know more about this than I do. When it was suggested it was certainly not a very costly scheme. But nothing ever happened about it. The idea was not exactly stillborn, but it remained in the realm of fantasy and romance and is part of the great poetical story of inland Australia. There is plenty of evidence to show that it would have been one of the cheapest ways of getting water into the centre of Australia. We are now in the nuclear age. Earlier todayI asked a question about a groupof American scientists who are looking for ways of making dams to conserve water in the centre of Australia. Sir William Hudson has left his position as Commissioner of the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Authority a very disillusioned man. Recently he was reported in one of the magazines - I think it was the 'Bulletin' -as saying that the fact that the authorities had not accepted the proposition to extend the reservoir system at Lake Eucumbene was a matter of great regret to him. He advanced a water conservation proposition for filling a reserve lake with water produced from snow. I think the Government is looking at the proposition with a very icy stare. Sir William Hudson is very disappointed. He said so at a meeting of the Murrumbidgee Water Users Association. The water users in the irrigation areas are starting to demand attention. I attended a meeting that was addressed by the Minister for Primary Industry (Mr Anthony). I was most impressedby what he said about the drought problem. He said that the essentials in attacking this problem were, firstly, drought organisation - we talked about that on Tuesday; secondly, water conservation; thirdly, fertiliser aid; fourthly, performance testing grants -I do not know what that means, but another senator might be able to tell me; fifthly, education assistance; and finally, occupational transfer and pensioning - I dare say that that is the rationalisation of properties. Whatever ideas the Minister for Primary Industry may have, the solution of the problem is related finally to whether we can afford to implement them. Any Treasury official who sits down and works out whether we can afford to do something, particularly in regard to flood mitigation, must balance the cost of doing it against the great losses suffered by the man on the land and by Australia as a nation as a result of repeated floods.

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rome

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- Let me say at once that I am for the hill and not the lake. One should not over emphasise the importance of the site of the parliament house or of the parliament house itself. Some honourable members in the course of this debate have referred to Brasilia. This shows that much more than a good parliament house is needed in order to have a good Parliament. At the same time, the outward form of the parliament house is not unimportant, symbolically, because often the spirit is reflected in the outward form. As the honourable member for Parkes (Mr Hughes) said this afternoon, it is true that we approach this matter in a very subjective way. I do not deny that. I suppose that ever since, as a small boy at school, I read Horace Annesley Vachell's book 'The Hill' I have been rather for the hill than the plain. One honourable member in the debate last week quoted the psalmist David, who said: I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my help. This is not unimportant. When the psalmist thought of the aid of God, he lifted his eyes up to the hill; he did not turn them down to the foggy bottom. This is perhaps symbolic. Again, the poet looking for the seat of freedom said: Of old sat Freedom on the heights, The thunders breaking at her feet. He put freedom on the height, again not at foggy bottom. We should remember that Jerusalem is built on a hill and that the cities of the plain were Sodom and Gomorrah. Again we should remember that the Eternal City, Rome, was built on seven hills. It was not built on the banks of the Tiber, a muddy river. Today 1 received an interesting telegram from a friend who said: Am hoping that interesting geological feature known as the unconformity on Capital Hill can be preserved. I can imagine no better way of preserving unconformity in the Parliament than to insist on putting it on Capital Hill, and this is highly to be desired. I do not press this as a great argument, but admit that it is subjective to turn one's eyes to the hills rather than to the hollows. Capital Hill is high and therefore conspicuous. It is the most conspicuous point available to us for the parliament house. How important is Parliament House in the context of Canberra? It has been said by some other speakers that it is not the 'be all and end all of Canberra'. I think that phrase was used, but actually that is not quite true. If it were not for the Parliament being here there would be no Canberra. The plain fact is that uniquely Canberra was built to provide a place for the Parliament and Parliament is therefore the central feature of this place. If it is not the 'end all' it at least is the 'be all' of Canberra, which, as I said, would not be here but for Parliament. Therefore the position that the parliament house occupies in Canberra is of paramount importance. Where we build a parliament house is a unique question, because the available sites in Canberra are different from the sites in Washington, London or elsewhere. The decision must be based upon a unique set of circumstances that are not paralleled anywhere else.

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murray river

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I want now to return to the subject of roads. The allocation to rural areas of 40% of expenditure on roads has been of great advantage to the nation. I have in front of me many accounts of the great improvements in rural roads. Conditions have improved tremendously. It is necessary for the benefit of primary producers that the present system of allocation of 40% of roads funds for rural areas should be continued. A man who has been a president of shire councils associations has said that the 40% allocation for roads in rural areas is the greatest advance since the advent of railways. Sometimes I cannot get much attention from the Opposition but I note that I am getting a fair bit of attention tonight. I appreciate it. The honourable member for the Riverina (Mr Armstrong) reminds me that I have only 3 minutes left for my speech. I deplore what has been said in the Horsham Press about my colleague, the honourable member 'for Wimmera (Mr King). No man anywhere has so firmly stood his ground and fought for the wheat industry. I deplore the criticism of him. I think that the man responsible for the critical article in the 'Wimmera Mail Times' should apologise to the honourable member for Wimmera, who is a wheat grower and a great advocate for the wheat industry in this House. What has been written about him in the Wimmera Press is nothing less than disgraceful. I want now to quote to honourable members a little -verse. It has been quoted before, but I believe it has particular point in reference to the 40% allocation of roads funds to rural areas. I give credit for first quoting the poem to Councillor Whyte of Wentworth, across the Murray River from Mildura: The man from Cocklebiddy bumps along the dusty track, It's grand the way that hardy driver steers, The ruts and corrugations that plague the man outback Have kept him in good practice through the years. But how it wears his vehicle! 'It's costly' he complains, And then I need a four-wheel-drive to travel when it rains.' He says it seems a pity, in the busy bustling city, Roads are sealed and smooth and straight and true, But traffic's so congested that progress is arrested People are frustrated and they don't know what to do. Just spread those roads outback,' he says - This is his point of view - There's room for all those cars out here, and all their owners too!'

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great barrier reef

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- 1 rise to support the motion proposed by Senator Keeffe and to indicate that the matter in question is. .so urgent that we impress upon the Government that it should use the same speed and take such effective measures as were adopted to protect the interests of MLC Ltd. Public interest in the protection of the waters of the north is substantial. I learned from two files which I obtained from the Parliamentary Library that there is a tremendous amount of material in periodicals and newspapers supporting our stand. If the people in the south of Australia are interested in this matter, especially the protection of the Great Barrier Reef, how much more interested must be the people who. live in the north - the people whose economic future depends upon the development of the area? Let me deal first with the Great Barrier Reef. The protection of the Reef is a matter not only of national interest but also of international interest because, as has been indicated, it is a wonder of the world. Honourable senators on both sides of the chamber have indicated support for the proposition that the Reef should be protected. However, the initiative must be taken quickly. There are complicated and varying views on the legality of- any such action on the part of Australia. The Melbourne Age' of 27th August 1968 carried an article on this subject under the heading 'Doubts on Ability to Protect Reef. The article was in these terms: . Australia's competence to safeguard trie Great Barrier Reef was in serious question overseas and some form of international control had been suggested. Australian poet and conservationist Judith Wright said this in Townsville on her return from « 20-eountry 5-month trip to Europe, UK and Asia for talks with world conservation authorities. Miss Wright said all scientists and conservationists she spoke to were well informed on the threat lo the Reef posed by negligence, lack of scientific knowledge and prospecting and mining activities. . . . But they had grown increasingly concerned over the apparent lack of government policy lo guarantee preservation of the Great Barrier Reef in its natural state and the lag in scientific study of the Reef. I emphasise the next part of the article: They made the point that the Great Barrier Reef is not part of Australia, not really in Australian waters', said Miss Wright. If this is an international question, then it is important that something be done immediately by the Australian Government lo determine the legality of our claims to control the area. The suggestion of my Party is that we should take the initiative, exercise supervision and control over the whole area, and then place the matter before the International Court. We make that suggestion in the international interest, not merely in the national interest.

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C hawkesbury river

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hawkesbury river

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-I call the honourable member for Robertson and remind the House that this will be his maiden speech. Mr COHEN (Robertson) [4.29|- Mr Deputy Speaker, may I first pay tribute to the 25,000 people of Robertson who sent me to this place and to the magnificent band of Labor supporters who worked so hard and effectively during the election campaign. It is to their great credit that 20 years of defeat in Federal elections has not dimmed their enthusiasm. May I also pay tribute to my opponent, Mr Bill Bridges-Maxwell and his supporters for the very tough and hard but fair campaign which they fought. I believe that it is traditional for a new member in his maiden speech to range over those subjects that are of special interest to him - a sort of persona] manifesto. It should not be too difficult to bring those subjects to light in this debate as most of the areas of special interest to me were either totally ignored in the Governor- General's Speech or lightly glossed over without any real attempt to get at the basic cause of the ills that exist. I have the honour to represent not the largest or the smallest electorate in Australia - not the wealthiest or the poorest - but certainly the most beautiful. For those who are unfamiliar with the electorate of Robertson - some people tend to confuse it with the town of Robertson in the electorate of Macarthur - it is that area of land usually designated as the central coast of New South Wales; the area between the cities of Sydney and Newcastle commencing at Moonee on the Hawkesbury River in the south and extending to Swansea on the shores of Lake Macquarie in the north, lt is unquestionably an area to which nature has been generous. It is an area of gently sloping and wooded hills, superb lakes and lagoons, magnificent beaches and a general atmosphere of peace and tranquillity that is in striking contrast to the hustle and bustle, the industrial smog and the urban ugliness of metropolitan Sydney and Newcastle, lt is an area that through its beauty and its bellbirds has been immortalised by Henry Kendall. I paint this picture not because 1 wish to wax poetic or make honourable members jealous but because the great natural beauty of the electorate of Robertson is highly relevant to the case for special treatment that 1 shall he putting before this House.

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C lake macquarie

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lake macquarie

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-I call the honourable member for Robertson and remind the House that this will be his maiden speech. Mr COHEN (Robertson) [4.29|- Mr Deputy Speaker, may I first pay tribute to the 25,000 people of Robertson who sent me to this place and to the magnificent band of Labor supporters who worked so hard and effectively during the election campaign. It is to their great credit that 20 years of defeat in Federal elections has not dimmed their enthusiasm. May I also pay tribute to my opponent, Mr Bill Bridges-Maxwell and his supporters for the very tough and hard but fair campaign which they fought. I believe that it is traditional for a new member in his maiden speech to range over those subjects that are of special interest to him - a sort of persona] manifesto. It should not be too difficult to bring those subjects to light in this debate as most of the areas of special interest to me were either totally ignored in the Governor- General's Speech or lightly glossed over without any real attempt to get at the basic cause of the ills that exist. I have the honour to represent not the largest or the smallest electorate in Australia - not the wealthiest or the poorest - but certainly the most beautiful. For those who are unfamiliar with the electorate of Robertson - some people tend to confuse it with the town of Robertson in the electorate of Macarthur - it is that area of land usually designated as the central coast of New South Wales; the area between the cities of Sydney and Newcastle commencing at Moonee on the Hawkesbury River in the south and extending to Swansea on the shores of Lake Macquarie in the north, lt is unquestionably an area to which nature has been generous. It is an area of gently sloping and wooded hills, superb lakes and lagoons, magnificent beaches and a general atmosphere of peace and tranquillity that is in striking contrast to the hustle and bustle, the industrial smog and the urban ugliness of metropolitan Sydney and Newcastle, lt is an area that through its beauty and its bellbirds has been immortalised by Henry Kendall. I paint this picture not because 1 wish to wax poetic or make honourable members jealous but because the great natural beauty of the electorate of Robertson is highly relevant to the case for special treatment that 1 shall he putting before this House.

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C roper river

Placename

roper river

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I would like to say something about the fundamental meaning of land to the Aboriginal people. I think this is particularly relevant at the moment because I note that the honourable member for Robertson (Mr Cohen) referred to what will happen at Roper River. Perhaps I am a bit out of date, but my understanding is that the last thing the Minister for the Interior (Mr Nixon) said about Roper River was that the Aboriginal people there would be given title to the land provided they paid for it like everybody else. I could not agree with this attitude, lt seems rather extraordinary to me. We can just imagine ourselves being in the position of an Aboriginal in such a circumstance and being told that the white man will let us have back the land originally taken from us without compensation providing we can produce the white man's currency. This is the same old attitudethat the Western Christian ethos is sancrosanct and all other cultures must defer to it. After the right to live, the most fundamental right and the most fundamental need of the Aboriginal people is land. As the Yirrkala Aboriginals in Arnhem Land stated in their current claim in their dispute with the Commonwealth and Nabalco Pty Ltd, their connection with the land is timeless and inextinguishable. If any part of Aboriginal land is to be excised, it should be the standard practice to weigh the benefits to the white man against the disadvantages to the Aboriginals. Whether this every done I do not know. But 1 am certain that the importance of land to Aboriginal culture is not taken into account adequately. The concept of land to the tribal Aboriginals is, or was, very different from our own. I would like to quote briefly from a lecture given by Professor Stanner in the 1968 Boyer lectures. He said: No English words are good enough to give a sense of links between an Aboriginal group and its homeland. He said also: Our word 'land' is too spare and meagre. We can now scarcely use it except wilh economic overtones unless we happen to be poets. The Aboriginal would speak of 'earth' and use the word in a richly symbolic way to mean his shoulder' or bis 'side'. 1 have seen an Aboriginal embrace the earth he walked on. To put our words home' and 'land' together into 'homeland' is a little better but not much. A different tradition leaves us tongueless and earless towards this other world of meaning and significance. When we took what we call 'land' we took what to them meant hearth, home, the source and locus of life, and everlastingness of spirit. At the same time it left each local band bereft of an essential constant that made their plan and code of living intelligble. Particular pieces of territory, each a homeland, formed part of a set of constants without which no affiliation of any person to any other person, no link in the whole network of relationships, no part of the complex structure of social groups any longer had all its co-ordinates. What 1 describe as 'homelessness', then, means that the Aborigines faced a kind of vertigo in living. With a few exceptions, therefore, loss of land to the Aboriginal means loss of his traditional way of life, loss of the traditional ties with the past, which are essential to the whole Aboriginal culture. An examination of Aboriginal mythology shows it to be intimately bound up with all the environment of the Aboriginals - the hills, the waterfalls, the fish. Many of these have human form in Aboriginal mythology. Even certain stones have a sacred connotation. The Aboriginal culture, with its connection with the past, provides a great contrast with the European society. The more affluent white person, to use the popular parlance of sociologists, is future orientated; that is to say, he directs his activities to future comfort and security. He stays at school longer; he improves his educational status in the interests of peronal security; he may take out life assurance; he saves his money to secure his family, and so on. The under-privileged white man who is living in poverty is orientated more towards the present. Coming from a poor environment, he lacks the expectation and incentives to give much thought to the future. He leaves school earlier and saves less. On the other hand, the tribal Aboriginal is neither of these. He is orientated towards the past. The centre of Aboriginal culture is the past - and the past is inextricably associated with the land. It is not surprising, therefore, that loss of land has placed many Aboriginal people into a limbo and into a situation becoming, as Dr Coombs has said, a depressed rabble of fringe dwellers. Nothing - is more fundamental than land rights. But for those dispossessed either voluntarily or involuntarily from the land-

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C yarra river

Placename

yarra river

Type

Other

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- Despite some people's views of the state of Victoria, it still manages to qualify as a fairly advanced industrial State with the pollution problems associated with unmindful development. Some of the criticisms have made national headlines, such as when Prince Charles observed that swimming at one of the Melbourne beaches was rather like swimming in a sewer. The Yarra River, the scenic pride of Melbournians, a muddy creek to foreigners from out of State such as most honourable members, is unlovely in many places. School children are now acutely aware of the threat to their environment. Recently, the children in my daughter's class have been engaged in a study of the area in which they live. This has" involved many critical excursions to the Yarra, inspections of rubbish dumps into the river, observation of colour changes in the water due to chemical mixing with drainage from - who knows where? A. D. Hope observed in his poem 'Australia': . . her five cities, like five teeming sores Each drains her, . . . The Yarra for much of ils course through Melbourne is a dead river, simply a large drain for one of the teeming sores on this continent. Articles on the subject now appear at regular intervals in the Melbourne newspapers. They describe factories belching out smoke and soot and sulphur dioxide and discharging waste into waterways, noise and smoke from jet aircraft, the debate on discharge of effluent from the Carrum sewerage works into Port Phillip Bay, industrialisation around Westernport Bay and the threat to the ecology of the area, including the penguins - these and many other examples are discussed frequently. Dr W. D. Williams, from Monash University, recently described the counts of coliform bacilli as a measure of the pollution of water by human faeces, and indicated some figure ; that the Americans have adopted as standards. Water with less than 50 coliform bacilli per 100 millilitres is good for swimming, with 50 to 1,000 organisms it is doubtful, and if there are over 1.000 per 100 mis the water is unfit for bathing. A limit of 1,000 coliform organisms per 100 mis has been proposed by the Commonwealth Department of Works for Australian streams. Dr Williams asks: How do bacterial counts for Australian polluted waters compare with such standards'.' Unfortunately, few data are published. However, in a recent survey of a creek located in the outer suburbs of Melbourne, E. coli I counts/ 100 ml ranged from 150 in the head-waters to 34,000 in the lower reaches. One does not need to have a medical degree to appreciate the potential health hazard presented by this creek. A second important form of domestic pollution is detergent pollution. Dr Williams notes:

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C port phillip bay

Placename

port phillip bay

Type

Other

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- Despite some people's views of the state of Victoria, it still manages to qualify as a fairly advanced industrial State with the pollution problems associated with unmindful development. Some of the criticisms have made national headlines, such as when Prince Charles observed that swimming at one of the Melbourne beaches was rather like swimming in a sewer. The Yarra River, the scenic pride of Melbournians, a muddy creek to foreigners from out of State such as most honourable members, is unlovely in many places. School children are now acutely aware of the threat to their environment. Recently, the children in my daughter's class have been engaged in a study of the area in which they live. This has" involved many critical excursions to the Yarra, inspections of rubbish dumps into the river, observation of colour changes in the water due to chemical mixing with drainage from - who knows where? A. D. Hope observed in his poem 'Australia': . . her five cities, like five teeming sores Each drains her, . . . The Yarra for much of ils course through Melbourne is a dead river, simply a large drain for one of the teeming sores on this continent. Articles on the subject now appear at regular intervals in the Melbourne newspapers. They describe factories belching out smoke and soot and sulphur dioxide and discharging waste into waterways, noise and smoke from jet aircraft, the debate on discharge of effluent from the Carrum sewerage works into Port Phillip Bay, industrialisation around Westernport Bay and the threat to the ecology of the area, including the penguins - these and many other examples are discussed frequently. Dr W. D. Williams, from Monash University, recently described the counts of coliform bacilli as a measure of the pollution of water by human faeces, and indicated some figure ; that the Americans have adopted as standards. Water with less than 50 coliform bacilli per 100 millilitres is good for swimming, with 50 to 1,000 organisms it is doubtful, and if there are over 1.000 per 100 mis the water is unfit for bathing. A limit of 1,000 coliform organisms per 100 mis has been proposed by the Commonwealth Department of Works for Australian streams. Dr Williams asks: How do bacterial counts for Australian polluted waters compare with such standards'.' Unfortunately, few data are published. However, in a recent survey of a creek located in the outer suburbs of Melbourne, E. coli I counts/ 100 ml ranged from 150 in the head-waters to 34,000 in the lower reaches. One does not need to have a medical degree to appreciate the potential health hazard presented by this creek. A second important form of domestic pollution is detergent pollution. Dr Williams notes:

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C barwick

Placename

barwick

Type

Other

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The Prime Minister will also raise a suitable smokescreen about the impact of wage increases as a component of gross national product. I would like to quote some figures from the 'Australian Economic Review' for the first quarter of 1971. These figures have been brought up to date. In 1959-60 wages as a percentage of the gross national product were 63.2 per cent. At the present time they amount to 64.4 per cent. That is an increase of only 1.1 per cent. The whole structure of the Prime Minister's argument will be based on this and he will be sounding the warning bells as to the impact of wage costs and inflation. I want to quote from the 'Australian Economic Review' what a group of eminent and disinterested but patriotic economists had to say about inflation. It reads: It is not just an economic problem which economists alone might be expected to solve. It is a social, political and, in the end, especially a moral problem, involving the whole community and its basic attitudes to the kind of society and economy it wants. My main point is that it is no good laying the blame on wage-earners, who are merely reflecting and trying to keep up with the attitudes of the whole society they live in, and usually being beaten anyhow by those who are driving, rather than trying to hop on to the bandwagon Honourable members should mark these words: Accelerating inflation could destroy our society. A fair tax system, a good social security system, a reform of the tariff structure, control of restrictive practices, an appropriate exchange rate, the setting of norms as a guide for public and for private employers, informal public adjustments of rent and interest charges are directed to making our existing social system work better. That is a complete blueprint for the control of inflation. This Government will do precisely nothing about it. Let us have a look at the position today with regard to trade practices in particular. Coals of fire were neaped on the head of the Prime Minister this afternoon by the honourable member for Berowra (Mr Hughes) in a very subtle way, and the Prime Minister deserved it all because he was one of the architects responsible for the watering down of the Barwick legislation. It is poetic justice indeed that the man who first raised the question of trade practices and rackets was there as the Chief Justice of Australia to make sure that economic justice would be done for the people. It has been said by Dr Maureen Brunt that in Australia today there is every restrictive device and practice known to the ingenuity of man and the most this Government will do in the proudly announced amendments that it will make to the restrictive Trade Practices Act will be to tinker with it in such a way that there will be the minimum of relief in the maximum of time. Government supporters have a vested interest in evasion. They are, of course, privy to the rackets; they are the puppets of the racketeers. Packer, of course, still loves them. With regard to the wool sales fiasco, 1 know as well as every Australian knows that we need every atom of export income that we can get. For that reason, at all costs the wool grower must be kept in the ring fighting; but that means the little wool grower, it means the people who came into the wool industry during and after the Korean war wool boom, who paid inflated prices for their land and who arc now in the grip of the pastoral companies and of the major trading banks. Let this also be said, that in any event, if the squeeze is applied to them, on-one else will enter the industry so, at all costs, the small wool growers must be kept in there fighting and working. For that reason they should receive the full benefit of whatever subsidy is to be paid. It should not be paid to the 15 per cent of wool growers - the big people - who were in the game before 1950, who inherited their properties or who bought them at pre-war prices. It is the little man who is entitled to assistance. In many cases, that assistance will have to go further in the form of a modified moratorium for them but, of course, that will be another and quite distinct issue.

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C north sea

Placename

north sea

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Other

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-I will come to this other matter in a moment when I answer the third part of the question. Mr Thwaites is a Bachelor of Arts, with honours, of the University of Melbourne. He was a Rhodes Scholar for Victoria in 1937. He is a Master of Arts and a B.Litt. of Oxford. He was awarded the King's Medal for poetry in 1940. His publications include The "Jervis Bay" and Other Poems' and Poems of War and Peace'. He served with the Royal Navy in the North Sea and in the Atlantic in the 1939-45 war and in 1945 commanded a corvette with the rank of lieutenant-commander. Between 1947 and 1949 he was a lecturer in English at the University of Melbourne, and from 1950 to early 1971 he was with the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation. I believe that Mr Thwaites's qualifications are undoubted, and I also belive that the fact that he has been with ASIO should not prejudice him in any position that he might seek in the Public Service in which he has served for 20-odd years. He has transferred to a position at the same level.

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C albury-wodonga

Placename

albury-wodonga

Type

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Monarto, the South Australian regional growth centre, which I hope will remain within the boundaries of the electorate of Angas, has little chance of attracting service or heavy industries as I see the position when one thinks of the comparable pull of Adelaide which is close by, Albury-Wodonga or indeed other smaller growth areas in South Australia. The South Australian Government has instructed 2 departmentsI think the Department of Lands and the Department of Agriculture- to move to Monarto. This implies a downgrading of agricultural and other services to the people north of Adelaide. I imagine that legal firms in Adelaide will now have to search titles in Monarto which is SO miles away and that this will mean an increased cost to the consumers in Adelaide. There is, of course, for reasons already described, resentment among many of the personnel of these 2 departments who feel that they have been discriminated against. If this is the case it might be a good idea for this discrimination to be eliminated. It could be that in the future Monarto could become a government city as has happened in the case of Canberra. Who knows, if this is one of the incentives needed to overcome the problem maybe we might live to see the day when all departments and even the Parliament House of South Australia are established at Monarto rather than Adelaide. I was glad to see that the Minister stated in an annual report which I received this week that the first residents of Monarto would be living in the area by 1977. 1 was so struck by this statement that I issued a Press release to the Murray Bridge newspapers because I thought they would be fascinated by the thought. I hope that the Minister may yet turn out to be right. But I would lay him a dollar that he is at least S years out in his prediction, unless he is thinking of a caretaker living in a bag house with an outhouse out the back. I have the awful vision as I thought of this dreadful possibility of seeing the Premier of South Australia standing on a wind swept hill reading his poetry to an admiring audience of maggies and galahs while flying dust turned his greying locks into a reddish hue. Sitting suspended from 6.15 to 8 p.m.

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C lilley

Placename

lilley

Type

Other

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- I have in my hand a copy of a Press report that appeared in a Brisbane weekend paper. The headline reads: 'Government shelves new Brisbane Airport'. The article goes on: The Federal Government has shelved indefinitely plans to build a new Brisbane Airport. It seems unlikely that any steps to redevelop the airport will be taken before the 1977 Budget, and possibly before the early 1 980s. The article goes on to say that I find myself in a contrary position to that which I adopted in this House when I answered a question from the honourable member for Lilley, I think, a couple of weeks ago. Regrettably this article has a fair bit of poetic licence about it. It is what one might describe in Press terms as being a 'beaten up article'. The fact is that nothing is changed from what I said to the honourable member for Lilley. I am in no position to say what financial assistance will be given or what capital works program will be authorised for the Brisbane airport in terms of the forthcoming 1976-77 Budget. I think I explained to the honourable member for Lilley that there are tremendous economic restraints on all aspects of government because of the stupidityand I think when I used that word before it was considered to be unparliamentary, Mr Speaker- of the actions of the previous Government.

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C u.s.s.r.

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u.s.s.r.

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Other

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Already very rare visits of the family members to the political prisoners have been greatly diminished. The technique of frightening the visitors has increased. At the time of the visit, any attempt of the political prisoner to relate something about the conditions of his life, or even his illnesses, is interrupted. The political prisoner of Vladimir prison, Yakov Suslensky, whose health has been undermined by the continuous detention to the extent that in June 1976, during the visit of his wife, he could not come out by himself- he was supported by the arms- when he made an attempt to tell his wife about his illness, the controller who was present during the visit, prohibited him to do so, or else he would stop the visit. An effort has been made to deprive the rights of the political prisoners to write. Letters from them and to them are not passed on, for different reasons: there may be, as it were 'inadmissible expressions' or 'hidden meaning'. Often the letters disappear on the way to the addressee. The censorship of the correspondence has increased. Already the above-mentioned political prisoner of the Vladimir prison, Yakov Suslensky received back his letter to his wife, so that he would excise from the text his complaint regarding the state of his health. Some political prisoners, as a token or protest, have refused to write letters (Kronid Lyubasky, Vladimir Prison). All this brought about the cessation of postal communication with the prisoners of conscience. Thus the mother of Vladimir Bukovsky (Vladimir prison) has not had a letter from him for eight months, and cannot establish whether he receives her letters. Maria Gel ', wife of Ivan Gel' (Mordov Camp No. 1 ) did not receive letters from her husband for three months. In April, May, no letters arrived from Vyacheslov Chernovol (Mordov Camp No. 3), and so forth. In the last year, the searches of political prisoners, and in Vladimir prison, have become more frequent and devastating. In the Camp No. 1 (Mordov), the examination of personal effects has increased to twice a week (previously from time to time). Hand-written notes, poems, sketches, extracts from the court proceedings and copies of official applications, are taken away, so that they are not 'published in the West'. The head of the prison, Krivov, said to the political prisoner Paruyru Ayrikyan, who was deprived of his copy of the letter to the Presidium of the High Court of the U.S.S.R., that if such letter should appear in print in the West, then Ayrikyan would be facing a new trial. For information passed on to freedom, political prisoners of Vladimir prison Georg Davydov and Vitold Abankin have received solitary. For information passed on to freedom, Semen Glusman was threatened with a new sentence (Perm' Camp No. 35). Official warnings by KGB wer given to Vasili Stus, Vyacheslav Chernovol and Boris Penson ( Mordov Camp). Once again, we invite your attention to the fact that the foreclosure of humanitarian streams of information is a crude breach of the spirit and letter of the Final Act. DICHOTOMY BETWEEN THE LAWS OF THE LAND AND THE SIGNED CONVENTIONS One of the sources of scepticism regarding the future of human rights in the U.S.S.R. is the absence of any tendency to bring about a formal conformity between the Soviet laws and the international conventions on human rights to which the Final Act relates in part. True, the morals in principles can, in the final analysis, turn out to be better than the moral laws of the land, but during the present oppressive climate of authoritarian policy which slowly influences morality, this is difficult to hope for. Some contradictions between the Soviet laws and the international conventions are principally of a character which reflects some of the knotty moments in the structure of power in U.S.S.R.

Sources

C u.s.s.r

Placename

u.s.s.r

Type

Other

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Already very rare visits of the family members to the political prisoners have been greatly diminished. The technique of frightening the visitors has increased. At the time of the visit, any attempt of the political prisoner to relate something about the conditions of his life, or even his illnesses, is interrupted. The political prisoner of Vladimir prison, Yakov Suslensky, whose health has been undermined by the continuous detention to the extent that in June 1976, during the visit of his wife, he could not come out by himself- he was supported by the arms- when he made an attempt to tell his wife about his illness, the controller who was present during the visit, prohibited him to do so, or else he would stop the visit. An effort has been made to deprive the rights of the political prisoners to write. Letters from them and to them are not passed on, for different reasons: there may be, as it were 'inadmissible expressions' or 'hidden meaning'. Often the letters disappear on the way to the addressee. The censorship of the correspondence has increased. Already the above-mentioned political prisoner of the Vladimir prison, Yakov Suslensky received back his letter to his wife, so that he would excise from the text his complaint regarding the state of his health. Some political prisoners, as a token or protest, have refused to write letters (Kronid Lyubasky, Vladimir Prison). All this brought about the cessation of postal communication with the prisoners of conscience. Thus the mother of Vladimir Bukovsky (Vladimir prison) has not had a letter from him for eight months, and cannot establish whether he receives her letters. Maria Gel ', wife of Ivan Gel' (Mordov Camp No. 1 ) did not receive letters from her husband for three months. In April, May, no letters arrived from Vyacheslov Chernovol (Mordov Camp No. 3), and so forth. In the last year, the searches of political prisoners, and in Vladimir prison, have become more frequent and devastating. In the Camp No. 1 (Mordov), the examination of personal effects has increased to twice a week (previously from time to time). Hand-written notes, poems, sketches, extracts from the court proceedings and copies of official applications, are taken away, so that they are not 'published in the West'. The head of the prison, Krivov, said to the political prisoner Paruyru Ayrikyan, who was deprived of his copy of the letter to the Presidium of the High Court of the U.S.S.R., that if such letter should appear in print in the West, then Ayrikyan would be facing a new trial. For information passed on to freedom, political prisoners of Vladimir prison Georg Davydov and Vitold Abankin have received solitary. For information passed on to freedom, Semen Glusman was threatened with a new sentence (Perm' Camp No. 35). Official warnings by KGB wer given to Vasili Stus, Vyacheslav Chernovol and Boris Penson ( Mordov Camp). Once again, we invite your attention to the fact that the foreclosure of humanitarian streams of information is a crude breach of the spirit and letter of the Final Act. DICHOTOMY BETWEEN THE LAWS OF THE LAND AND THE SIGNED CONVENTIONS One of the sources of scepticism regarding the future of human rights in the U.S.S.R. is the absence of any tendency to bring about a formal conformity between the Soviet laws and the international conventions on human rights to which the Final Act relates in part. True, the morals in principles can, in the final analysis, turn out to be better than the moral laws of the land, but during the present oppressive climate of authoritarian policy which slowly influences morality, this is difficult to hope for. Some contradictions between the Soviet laws and the international conventions are principally of a character which reflects some of the knotty moments in the structure of power in U.S.S.R.

Sources

C u.s.s.r

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u.s.s.r

Type

Other

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- The answer to the three parts of the honourable member's questions are as follows: (a) The following countries have approached Australia with a view to negotiating a cultural agreement: Poland, Egypt, Hungary, Pakistan, Senegal, Bulgaria, Madagascar, Israel, Turkey, Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan, Cyprus, Austria, German Democratic Republic. Australia has not approached any country with a view to negotiating a cultural agreement. Negotiations between Australia and Argentina on a cultural agreement remain in abeyance pending advice from Argentina that it wishes negotiations to resume. The present position in negotiations between Australia and Greece is that Greece is studying a counter-draft text submitted to it by Australia. (a) The following exhibitions, groups, performers and artists have been offered by countries with which Australia has a cultural agreement in 1 978: Italy Objects from Pompeii. India The Chhau Dancers of Bengal Indian poet Mr Jayanta Mahapatra. Yugoslavia Exhibition of Mediaeval Frescoes Yugoslav Contemporary Art Exhibition Cellist Walter Despalj France Treteau de Paris U.S.S.R. Soviet film-makers Exhibition of West European Graphics from Soviet Collections Exhibition of 1 8th and 1 9th Century Russian Graphics Master Puppeteer Two Soviet ballet dancers to work with the Australian Ballet Two Soviet dancers to work with Australian dance companies The following exhibitions, groups, performers or artists have been sought from countries with which Australia has a cultural agreement in 1 978: India Theatre director/teacher Japan Kabuki Theatre Japanese Packaging Exhibition Sodeisha Group Exhibition Crafts Exhibition Iran Exhibition of Traditional Rugs from Fars Italy Exhibition of Venetian Paintings Exhibition of Greek, Roman or Etruscan Antiquities Old Italian Engravings Yugoslavia Zagreb Soloists Yugoslav writers Exhibition of Naive Paintings France Exhibition of Paintings U.S.S.R. Masterpieces of European An from Major Russian Collections Additional negotiations of a preliminary nature are proceeding with Yugoslavia, U.S.S.R., India, Iran, Italy and Greece.

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C u.s.s.r.

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u.s.s.r.

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Other

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- The answer to the three parts of the honourable member's questions are as follows: (a) The following countries have approached Australia with a view to negotiating a cultural agreement: Poland, Egypt, Hungary, Pakistan, Senegal, Bulgaria, Madagascar, Israel, Turkey, Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan, Cyprus, Austria, German Democratic Republic. Australia has not approached any country with a view to negotiating a cultural agreement. Negotiations between Australia and Argentina on a cultural agreement remain in abeyance pending advice from Argentina that it wishes negotiations to resume. The present position in negotiations between Australia and Greece is that Greece is studying a counter-draft text submitted to it by Australia. (a) The following exhibitions, groups, performers and artists have been offered by countries with which Australia has a cultural agreement in 1 978: Italy Objects from Pompeii. India The Chhau Dancers of Bengal Indian poet Mr Jayanta Mahapatra. Yugoslavia Exhibition of Mediaeval Frescoes Yugoslav Contemporary Art Exhibition Cellist Walter Despalj France Treteau de Paris U.S.S.R. Soviet film-makers Exhibition of West European Graphics from Soviet Collections Exhibition of 1 8th and 1 9th Century Russian Graphics Master Puppeteer Two Soviet ballet dancers to work with the Australian Ballet Two Soviet dancers to work with Australian dance companies The following exhibitions, groups, performers or artists have been sought from countries with which Australia has a cultural agreement in 1 978: India Theatre director/teacher Japan Kabuki Theatre Japanese Packaging Exhibition Sodeisha Group Exhibition Crafts Exhibition Iran Exhibition of Traditional Rugs from Fars Italy Exhibition of Venetian Paintings Exhibition of Greek, Roman or Etruscan Antiquities Old Italian Engravings Yugoslavia Zagreb Soloists Yugoslav writers Exhibition of Naive Paintings France Exhibition of Paintings U.S.S.R. Masterpieces of European An from Major Russian Collections Additional negotiations of a preliminary nature are proceeding with Yugoslavia, U.S.S.R., India, Iran, Italy and Greece.

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C mura river

Placename

mura river

Type

Other

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Between 1278 and 1397 all the Slovene lands passed under the dominion of the House of Hapsburg. The Slovenes now formed all or part of the population of Istria. Gorica, Gradisca Carniola, Styria and Carinthia, with smaller numbers in Trieste and south-western Hungary. Meanwhile, those Slavs who had settled outside the city walls of Istria in the seventh century and had thenceforth governed themselves on the basis of Slavic customary law, came under the jurisdiction of the Venetian Republic during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, accepting Venetian culture and sometimes adopting Venetian-Italian dialect. We see here the predicament of those Slavs, who were subject not only to German but also to Italian influences. After the eighth century this area ceased to develop culturally along independent lines and their vocabulary absorbed features from both Italian and German. This Slovene-German and Slovene-Italian national conflict was acute, especially in view of the possibility of a mixed population. In 1809 Austria gave France, among others, the Slovenian territories. Napoleon organised these territories as the Illyrian provinces with Ljubljana as the capital. This city had formerly been known as the German Laibach and was founded in 1144. Previous to that it was a Roman fort known as Emona and it was established in 34 B.C. It had been the seat of Ljubljana's bishop since 1461 and its high school was established in 1582. Ljubljana's theatre was one of the first to be founded in Slovenia and was built in 1 765, with an audience capacity of 900. During the time of the French occupation the Slovene language was allowed to be used on the level of local public administration. However, this concession was not enough to stave off the Slovenian national revival. The French occupation was not the first provocation for such a move, since some 50 years prior to the organisation of the Illyrian provinces a Slovenian priest Marko Pohlin had sought to establish Slovenian on equal footing with German. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, Baron Zois - 1747- 1819- became the leader of an intellectual circle which included the historian Linhart, the poet Valentin Vodnik, who also produced the first Slovene newspaper, and the philologist Bartholomaus Kopitar who wrote the first scientific Slovene grammar in 1808. This group sought to achieve Slovenian cultural unity in the face of the various occupations, both physical and cultural, that the Slovenian state had suffered. The poet Franc Preseren further stirred the national consciousness of the Slovenian intellectuals and helped to achieve the re-Slavication of the Germanised Slovenian middle class. In general, the growing nationalism after 1848 increased Slovene literary activity but could not again raise it to Preseren's 's heights. However, despite these shortcomings, progress in Slovene literature was made and the foundation of the journal Ljubljanski Zvon in 188 1 marked a turning point from romanticism towards realism. At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Austria acquired the Slovenian territories of Venice, thus all Slovenians were under the rule of the Hapsburgs. In 1821, a congress of European powers was held in Ljubljana. The chief powers of the congress were Russia, Austria, Prussia, France and Great Britain. The meeting was convened to complete discussions begun at a congress at Troppau. The outcome of the Ljubljana congress was the widening of the ridge between Great Britain and the three conservative powers of the Holy Alliance, that is, Austria, Prussia and Russia. In 1 866 Venetian Slovenia was given to Italy and the following year the Slovenian territory north of the Mura River was given over to Hungary; thus the Slovenes inhabited area stretched over three countries. Under Austrian rule the Slovenes, despite periods of Germanisation had gradually established cultural and political rights for themselves within the province of Carniola which was overwhelmingly Slovene in its national composition. Baron Valvazor, a member of the Royal Society of England from 1687, wrote the Glory of the Duchy of Carniola, which was first published in 1689 and was dedicated to the Duke of Carniola. In this work he wrote: During my travels I was greatly surprised and astonished about the fact that such a small number of people have exact knowledge of Carniola although this was a noble country which was viewed with keen interest by the powerful Romans as well as by the old Germans, viewed from both as nothing else but the key which could lock the way to either Italy or Germany.

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strait of hormuz

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- I am sorry that my friend does not agree with me. Am I to understand from that assertion that if the Strait of Hormuz were to be shut, either at the direction or beckoning of the Soviet Union or by an irrational regime in Iran, Moslem fanatics or Moscow orientated Government, or come what may, anything that may emerge out of the geopolitical disturbance, it would not represent a threat to the world? The only power in this world that has the power to sustain any measure of balance in the whole of the Eurasian area that is immediately under consideration is the United States of America. And there would be the Soviet Union, ready and waiting. I see this as a very sombre consideration. We are told that detente is still with us. Detente, as I understand it from the French people, means simply a relaxation. Many people genuinely believed that the state of detente was real and that man could edge slowly but certainly towards the prospect of genuine survival. Does detente exist after this? Can there be a genuine relaxation when we see the oil supply of the greater part of the world put immediately in danger? There is another French word that may well come into the lexicon, the word raideur. It means a stiffening; an intransigence; a hardening. Is this not a case of detente being replaced by raideur? Let me read to the House the words of Mr Brezhnev in the report of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to the 25 th Congress of the Soviet Union held in 1976. 1 ask honourable members to listen to this language. He said: Speaking of our relations with the Asian states in general, we must mention our good neighbour, Afghanistan, with which we have recently extended the almost halfcenturyold treaty of neutrality and non-aggression. I repeat: treaty of neutrality and non-aggression. Has the capacity of men and women to become indignant disappeared? Is this a mere exercise in cynicism? I would hope that the House would take a very hard look at the Soviet's action and at the Soviet's capabilities. It was in June 1976 that in this country, indeed, in this building, I released the figures of the Soviet build-up. The result throughout the country was almost a cascade, a chorus, of scorn and contempt. One nuclear submarine was being launched every six weeks. Today the Soviet has 350 submarines. One hundred and fifty of .them are nuclearpowered. At the beginning _of World War II Doenitz had 50 at his disposal. Approximately every year 1,500 to 1,600 aircraft are brought into the inventory of the Soviet Union. Most of them are deadly in their offensive capability. The view that was offered centuries ago by a great German philosopher, poet and writer by the name of Goethe was this: 'The highest in life can never be written. It must always be acted '. When he said 'acted' he did not mean pretended, but done, accomplished, carried out, performed. The Soviet Union could, by one act, bring back detente, if that was ever real, which many of us may doubt. It could do so by withdrawing its troops-85,000 to 90,000 of them-from Afghanistan and allowing that little non-aligned country to stand on its own feet. Not only would that be possible; it would bring back to a beleaguered and in many cases a frightened world a sense of hope and a belief that there would be some prospect for the world. These are grave and very anxious times indeed. I am sorry that my friend, the Leader of the Opposition, introduced the view that this was a very vulgar, political assessment. I think that he did, as I say, debauch the debate. In conclusion I want to refer to the attitude of the Leader of the Opposition on a boycott. He said that it must be effective. Again I ask the House: Is indignation merely to be shown when it is effective? What is the determination of effective? If one man believes something is wrong let him say so. Must he wait around either on his knees or in hope that people will join with him before he will express his indignation? Is the mind of man now so addled that it is incapable of expressing abhorrence or revulsion at cruelty, at unfairness, at the destruction of the rights of men and women, because it is not effective for just one man or one woman to speak? This Government has taken the view that we believe it is wrong and we have said so. We will continue to say so.

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suez

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- I think he made some rude remarks about what you should do with a rifle if you are wounded on a battlefield and the Afghan women are after you. It think it was excellent advice. The conquest of Afghanistan- as I said before Senator Baume reminded me of an interesting poem on the subject- will not be easy. The first recorded conqueror was Alexander the Great. It has been a cross-roads of war, a cockpit of war, ever since. I have no doubt that the Soviet conquest of Afghanistan will ultimately, after a bloody war, be effective and permanent. There is also no doubt that the Soviet leaders grossly miscalculated the position. For instance, they appeared to think that Barbrak Karmal, the president-elect whom they kept under their own hand and who came in with the Russian invading forces, would be able to unite the Afghan people. In fact half of the Afghan army of 90,000 has melted away and joined the rebels. As I said, it will be a long and bloody struggle. Nevertheless we must recognise that we cannot effectively help the Afghans. They are, as an independent people, doomed to Russian sovereignty. Like other peoples dominated by the Russians, they would be free if they could be. One saw how much people desire their freedom from Soviet rule in the Second World War when the Germans overran large areas of Russia. The Ukrainians, the people of the Baltic states, clearly wished to be free and would have fought for their freedom if it had not been for the unbelievable cruelty and stupidity of the German gestapo. These people wanted no part of the Soviet Union, but they had no chance to opt for freedom while they remained part of that Union. One can see examples in the satellite states of the Soviet Union. Hungary fought for its freedom in 1956. Something may have come of that if, unfortunately, at the same time the British and French had not been involved in an escapade in Suez. Czechoslovakia fought for its freedom against the Russians and lost in 1968.

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nam pong dam

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I feel that we ought to have learned by now that we cannot graft modern technology at an advanced level on to a village-type society. This seems to me to be particularly relevant in this debate, because the funds that we are talking about here are, rightly and laudably, destined for the poorest nations. It is only in the poorest nations that we have the gravest difficulty in getting a connection through from their present deplorable plight to a better way of life. I suggest to honourable senators that it is no good giving them dams, cement works and things of that sort. What we need to give them is the next step up, something which can be grafted on to the village society, in consultation with that society and with its concurrence, which will allow it to take the next step through. These things are known. They are known certainly by the people who want them, even if they are not known elsewhere. One of the problems, and this is another matter concerning this Bill, is that decisions on what aid is to be provided should not be made only by well-meaning experts from the West. This should not happen, especially decisions should not be made by technical experts in relation to dams, cement works or whatever, who by the very nature of their training are specialists. They do not understand the sociology, the economics or the history of the people on whom they are imposing a monstrous incubus as they did with the Nam Pong Dam. There should also be in on the deal people who understand the background other than the narrow technical one. I think this whole question of foreign aid is very important. It may be something of a cliche, as John Donne said: Any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankind: so therefore never send to know for whom the bells tolls; it tolls for thee. The message in that famous poem is vital. Here in Australia, as elsewhere, we are involved or should be involved with the rest of mankind, and the best we can do for the less fortunate is barely good enough. I return to the thought that it is not just a matter of trying to solve the problem by throwing money at it. Let us say we have this money. That is good. It is $200m. Surely what we must next ask the Government to do is to try to be a little unconventional for once, to try to change its methods so that it will ensure that that money is spent in the most effective way. I appeal to the Government to take that kind of further action, to interest itself even more than it is doing in the spending of these funds by the International Development Association. I would suggest that the Association itself would probably welcome the idea that a donor nation was taking a very intelligent and detailed interest in where the money was going. In the interests of donors, that is every Australian taxpayer, and the receivers who certainly need help, I would ask the Government members to take such unconventional steps as to send representatives to organisations such as the Community Aid Abroad which has this type of small individual task overseas. They have done a tremendous job for many years with virtually no money. I suggest that the Government should invite them along and talk to them, and perhaps use some of their people who are not a public servants to go along and talk to the organisation. The Government should get together a consultative group, with the voluntary aid organisations, and allow these people to say things. I think the Government will find that those people have plenty to say. I know that what I am suggesting may rock the boat a little and may seem unconventional. I do suggest that the results that come from it would be of sufficient value in this world to make them worth while.

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I hope that we will see in charge of the bicentennial activities a committee which not only will represent the Australian community in the full sense and take into account the views of individual States but also which, I hope, will learn something from the American Bicentennial. At the early stages of the planning of that event many took the view that those on the east coast would be participants because that was where the modern United States commenced. But the view was taken quite incorrectly, as it proved, that those on the west coast somehow or other would not be very interested. The people who planned the American Bicentennial were amazed that in the years leading up to the celebration they were able literally to reach into the smallest communities in the nation. By the year of their Bicentennial they had a massive national effort organised, with the community completely behind them. Wherever one went in America in that year one was, above all conscious of the pride of the average American citizen in the fact that he was an American and of what his nation meant to him. I sincerely hope that in the eight odd years ahead of us- it is not long; it is a very short period- we will be able to spread within our community, regardless of politics and individual views, the expectation that we are lining up on the starting line of a truly great national event, an event in which we can be proud of the past, an event which I hope also will demonstrate the potential for the future. There are probably few nations on earth which have commenced, in terms of white settlement, as inauspiciously as Australia. In 1788, when the first European settlers arrived in Sydney Cove, most of them came in chains. They were the flotsam and jetsam of Great Britain. They were the product of a society in which they had no place, and they came to this land. Some of them, such as the Irish, brought with them their political difficulties. These settlers spread throughout New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and three other States the belief in freedom above all. In those days the individual Australian developed a very close attachment for his family, for his friends, and for the community. Most Australians did not live in the large conglomerations of the cities, which is what we see today. They were hardy settlers who went out west. They went over the mountains and developed the land- a very harsh land, as Dorothea Mackellar has so aptly told us in her famous poems. They found one thing in their development, that is, that no man could stand absolutely alone. He had to be part of a society. He had to be part of something bigger than himself. There is a tendency in our community today which I abhor, namely, the view that 'I'm all right, Jack, and it does not really matter about anybody else'. I hope that in the year 1988, and those years leading up to it, we will see a greater awareness of participation and a greater appreciation that this nation's destiny depends on the capacity of every single Australian- Aboriginal, white and Asian, or any other group which makes up the Australian community. We have much to learn from each other. We have much to give each other. As I said earlier, the very fact that our cultural traditions are so mixed, that we have in this nation over 70 distinct national identities, is probably going to be our greatest asset in the future. I am pleased with the number of people who have been put on the Board of Directors of the Bicentennial Authority. I know the Chairman, Mr J. B. Reid, and I have complete confidence in his capacity to lead this body. I am sure he will draw to it a group of people who are prepared to work with imagination. We need not people who will tell us what we cannot do in terms of the Bicentenary but rather people who are prepared to look across the frontiers of the future and make the year truly memorable, something we will not therefore forget. As I have said, it is merely eight years away and time is not on our side. The State and Territory bicentennial committees have a lot to do to achieve a truly national effort in which every single community of Australians, wherever they may be, from Bourke to Broken Hill to Marble Bar to Darwin to Sydney, will be united in the sense that their own small identification with this great national event will be but a part of a total whole of which every Australian can be justly proud. Question resolved in the affirmative. Bill read a second time. In Committee The Bill.

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earth

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-Now that this matter has been raised in the Senate tonight I have a few words to say also. I join with both Senator Keeffe and Senator Cavanagh in giving full support to those attendants who today had the courage to go on strike for a principle. I give no support at all to those honourable senators who rushed to lock the doors of the chamber when Senator Cavanagh drew your attention, Mr President, to the fact that they were not locked. On the internal broadcast system in my office I heard Senator Keeffe referring tonight to some people as being scabs. For some years I have had in my office a little poem which was given to me during my days in the shearing sheds. I shall read it to the Senate tonight in order to Jet some people realise how scabs are despised in the Australian community. It reads: THE SCAB REFUSED IN HEAVEN AND HELL Well, I ought to get a large reward For never owning a Union card. I 've never grumbled, I 've never struck, I 've never belonged to the Union truck; But I must be going my way to win, So open, St Peter, and let me in. St Peter sat and stroked his staffDespite his high office, he had to laugh. Said he, with prey gleam in his eyeWho tends this gate, Sir, you or I? I 've heard of you and your gift of gab; You are what is called on Earth a SCAB. Thereon he rose in his stature tall, And pressed a button upon the wall. Said he to the Imp who answered the bell, Escort this fellow around to Hell. Tell Satan to give him a seat alone, On a red hot griddle up near the throne. But stay, c 'en the Devil can 't stand the smell, Of a cooking SCAB on a griddle in Hell; lt would cause a revolt, a strike I know, If I send you down to the Imps below. Go back to your masters on Earth and tell That they don't want SCABS in Heaven or Hell. I think there is a lesson to be learned from that poem by many people. When good working men go on strike, people rush to do their jobs. We are told on many occasions when trade unions go on strike- whether it be on the wharves or in the shearing sheds- that the Government will get people to do the unionists' work. Perhaps we will see the day when the same people who volunteered to lock the doors of this chamber today are prepared to rush into the coal mines, into the shearing sheds or on to the wharves and do the heavy work which is carried out by the labourers of this nation. I venture to say that none of them would be able to carry out that work with the alacrity and the skill with which they ran to shoot the bolts on the chamber doors today.

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earth

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THE SCAB REFUSED IN HEAVEN AND HELL Well, I ought to get a large reward For never owning a Union card. I 've never grumbled, I 've never struck, I 've never belonged to the Union truck; But I must be going my way to win, So open, St Peter, and let me in. St Peter sat and stroked his staffDespite his high office, he had to laugh. Said he, with prey gleam in his eyeWho tends this gate, Sir, you or I? I 've heard of you and your gift of gab; You are what is called on Earth a SCAB. Thereon he rose in his stature tall, And pressed a button upon the wall. Said he to the Imp who answered the bell, Escort this fellow around to Hell. Tell Satan to give him a seat alone, On a red hot griddle up near the throne. But stay, c 'en the Devil can 't stand the smell, Of a cooking SCAB on a griddle in Hell; lt would cause a revolt, a strike I know, If I send you down to the Imps below. Go back to your masters on Earth and tell That they don't want SCABS in Heaven or Hell. I think there is a lesson to be learned from that poem by many people. When good working men go on strike, people rush to do their jobs. We are told on many occasions when trade unions go on strike- whether it be on the wharves or in the shearing sheds- that the Government will get people to do the unionists' work. Perhaps we will see the day when the same people who volunteered to lock the doors of this chamber today are prepared to rush into the coal mines, into the shearing sheds or on to the wharves and do the heavy work which is carried out by the labourers of this nation. I venture to say that none of them would be able to carry out that work with the alacrity and the skill with which they ran to shoot the bolts on the chamber doors today. I hope that the work force has learned a lesson, namely, that there are people in our community who have no thought at all for the welfare of the working class. We know how the Government, of which all honourable senators opposite are members, repeatedly goes into the Conciliation and Arbitration Commission every time there is a wage hearing and put strongly the case that the wage earners of this country should not be given an increase in their wages and should not be given better living standards. This is the situation that we faced in this chamber today. We saw it in reality. We have read and heard about it in the past but today we saw those very people in action. The work force of this nation ought to be warned of what will happen if those people ever have complete control. If they are able to abolish the arbitration system, the members of the work force will not have a leg to stand on. They will see a return to the slave days. I conclude by saying that I give great credit to all of those attendants who acted as one and left this place when their union, after taking a democratic vote, decided that in the cause of their case they would not engage in further duties today. Those people deserve credit. I hope that they will be given justice when their claims are heard in the Arbitration Commission.

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- Mr Camm, Minister for Mines in Queensland said it. On 17 May 1979 an article in the Age quoted Mr Camm. It stated: . . Australia had an obligation to honour contractual arrangements with the holders of six suspended permits. 'We want to keep faith with the companies we've encouraged ... to come to Australia to assist us in development of our mineral resources . . . The National Times of 3 November had this to say: The Queensland Government is unwilling to drop its ultimate aim of a hydrocarbon search under the reef region. Coincident with the Prime Minister's broadcast, announcing the Capricornia Park to his electorate, Queensland's Mines and Energy Minister Ron Camm told listeners to Mackay radio: 'There is an embargo on oil exploration (only) until such time as the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments make a joint decision on what plans there are for the future'. The article went on to say: Commenting on its constitution in June, after a meeting in the central Queensland town of Emerald between the Prime Minister, Bjelke-Petersen ... a Queensland Cabinet Minister told The National Times: 'Joh took a purely political decision not to push for drilling. He knew he couldn't win in the present political climate. The article concluded: And therein lies the key to Queensland 's attitude to future extensions of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act expressly forbids any form of mining in the park so that a full declaration of the park will forbid exploration, drilling or mining in the whole of that area now designated as the Great Barrier Reef region. It is fairly important at this stage to clarify for people the terms being used. The term the Great Barrier Reef refers only to the actual coral reef, coral cays or coral islands but does not include the waters around the reef which, as anyone understanding the complex interrelationship within an ecosystem will know, is an integral part of the reef. Their freedom from pollution and degradation is as vital to the survival of the reef as the reef itself. Let me quote that famous Australian poet, Judith Wright. She said: To talk of the reef then, is to talk of many hundreds of thousands of reefs, yet it is also to speak of what is now being increasingly recognised as an ecological unity. The marine flora and fauna change in composition of species from north to south and also from east to west, and no one knows how their colonisation really takes place, or its sources, because of the complexity of the currents that carry the replenishing plankton from place to place. Any plan for the preservation of the reef has to include protection of the waters around the reef. This is recognised in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act for it dennes the area to be protected as the Great Barrier Reef region and specifies the boundaries of the region.

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rome

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He had no time for John Howard as Treasurer in the Fraser government and even less for him as Prime Minister. He was a good judge of people. He adored his wife, Norma, his daughter and his grandchildren, and loved his church, though he would tolerate no heresy from the pulpit and would send a caustic note to Rome if he detected any. He was staunchly patriotic and unashamedly conservative, though he told me recently that he would hand out cards for the Labor Party if Howard went with a GST. He stuck to his principles and never wavered in his belief that Australia was a great country that was being stifled and murdered by the mediocrity of political parties and their apparatchiks—elected and all too often unelected—who dictated policy and believed they knew better than the masses. Eighteen months ago he told me that out there there was a wall of anger being feverishly held back by the forces of political correctness. So he saw the Hanson movement as a return to the values that could reinvigorate Australia, take account of the bush and pick up that great mass of people who he saw as significantly left out of the political process. In the main, these were the real battlers whom he believed Howard had dishonestly used to further his own political ends. He saw the need to unite like peoples, to disown the far right elements of One Nation but to nonetheless bring under the banner of a United Australia Party those people wanting change from One Nation and the other political parties. He would have been overjoyed by the Queensland election result but, alas, he passed away before he saw it. I am sure he got St Peter to phone through for the results, and I am sure he would be arranging the celestial tally room for the massive breakthrough, come the federal poll. The last time I saw him was at his home recently. He was delighted to have me visit. Sometimes he was baking bread. He would brew the coffee, slice the fruitcake and, wickedly, bring out the white wine before I left. He hated puffery and pretentiousness. Testimony to this was a recent letter to the Australian in which he debunked suggestions of problems for adopted children such as his own daughter. He told me he loved her more than he could possibly explain. He referred to those who came out with highbrow theories on this and other topics as typical EBBS—educated but bloody stupid. I spoke to him a lot. He was a touchstone of wisdom and clarity of thought. I will miss him enormously. He wrote poetry too. May I just read this poem entitled A Once Jolly Swagman : From the shadowy depths of hopeless night, Spirit of South Land Plucked my soul from sorrow and bore me gently in His Hand To lofty snow-capped mountains, remote in space and time, And there revealed to me the full flowering of this love of mine. I saw her abundant treasures, riches, all that man could need And a free and happy people toiling with no thought of greed. I saw truth and justice, like her golden sunlight gleaming, And even Black Brother, innocent, happy in his time of dreaming. SO I LAUGHED, AND IT WAS MUSIC IN THE SOARING WINDS OF HOPE;IT SEEMED ALL THE WORLD CAME-A WALTZING MATILDA WITH ME. I say about the late Charles Connelly: what a fantastic bloke he was and I will miss him very much.

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When I read that poem it brought tears to my eyes to think that someone so young had such a great perception about Australia and its future. Ben has had the opportunity this week to see, a year down the track, whether his perceptions of Australia have improved or decreased, and it gave me great pleasure to see what he wrote in the Courier-Mail on Tuesday. I would like to read a little bit of that out—if I could be indulged. He wrote in the paper, 12 months after winning this award: As we enter a new year, decade, century and millennium we have asked ourselves the questions: What are we going to make of our lives? How do we want to be remembered by our friends and families? I look up to the hard workers of Australia, the people who get up every morning and go to work—for money for sure, but also for the satisfaction of knowing that they are helping to make Queensland a better state. He went on to say: I admire the people who worked on the railways of western Queensland. They build hundreds of kilometres of railway line, sometimes in 40-plus degrees. I admire the selectors and farmers who lived in close to unbearable conditions so they could get the money to live and feed their families and to make the state a better one for our future generations—us. All the entertainers, both in sport and theatre, are to be thanked for what they do every day to make people happy, to make every day a bit more enjoyable. We are all thankful for the people who design zoos and theme parks. I know a lot of them do it for enormous profit in mind, but the odd few actually design a leisure park to make people happy. I admire people like . . . Pat Rafter who make it big in the sporting world, win millions of dollars and instead of selfishly going back home with it and buying new cars, actually give some of their wealth to people who need it, in hospitals and orphanages. Queensland already has a great tourism industry with the Great Barrier Reef, rainforests and beaches and if we keep encouraging overseas visitors the money will keep pouring in and we can use this money to fix up our environmental problems and maybe help other countries. Ben also stated:

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I have been looking to be broad-minded in all this. The Canberra Times editorial said `almost but not quite' would be a good way to describe the preamble put forward by the government today. That is why the Prime Minister, in his generosity of spirit, in his desire to include members opposite, has suggested that if the Leader of the Opposition has any problems he should write and they will be considered. This is a good preamble. I think the Prime Minister has neatly sidestepped that rather sterile debate between occupation and custodianship. Occupation has connotations which the people who have come from Europe to this country would not like. Custody has I think some unfortunate connotations. I say congratulations to the Prime Minister and to Les Murray for doing the right thing by finally tackling the real symbolic deficit in our Constitution. Far more than the presence of a crown, which has never done us any harm and which I think has done us a great deal of good, the real symbolic deficit in our Constitution is the failure to acknowledge in any spirit of generosity our indigenous first Australians. This preamble helps to resolve the unfinished business of two centuries. We do have a problem in this country: that is, for too long our Aboriginal brothers and sisters have been strangers in that they have felt like strangers in their own land. For too long there has been a fundamental gap of sympathy between too many white Australians and our black brothers and sisters. This constitutional preamble begins the job of bridging that. It is the least that we could do to meet their legitimate expectations, but it is sadly perhaps the most we can do without causing more division in our society. It is generous, fair and inclusive, and its passage at the constitutional referendum later this year will be a triumphant and a great moment in Australia's history. What we are really seeing from members opposite is a fundamental failure to play by the rules. The rules of a Westminster system are that the government proposes and the government also disposes of these matters. We are very happy to hear what members opposite have to say, but our job is not to take the member for Holt's version and improve it. His job, if he wishes to play a constructive role, is to take the Prime Minister's version and try to build on that. I really believe that if the member for Holt is serious—and I am prepared to concede that there is a strong streak of statesmanship in the member for Holt—this is precisely what he should do. I do not believe for a moment that the member for Holt really believes the people of Australia think he is a better wordsmith than our finest poet Les Murray. I would invite the member for Holt and other members opposite to make their contributions by all means but to remember that, at the end of the day, this is a document that will be determined by the government and will go to the people as part of a government proposal. I think that the draft preamble deserves to be read onto the record. It states: With hope in God, the Commonwealth of Australia is constituted by the equal sovereignty of all its citizens. The Australian nation is woven together of people from many ancestries and arrivals. Our vast island continent has helped to shape the destiny of our Commonwealth and the spirit of its people. Since time immemorial our land has been inhabited by Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, who are honoured for their ancient and continuing cultures. In every generation immigrants have brought great enrichment to our nation's life. Australians are free to be proud of their country and heritage, free to realise themselves as individuals, and free to pursue their hopes and ideals. We value excellence as well as fairness, independence as dearly as mateship. Australia's democratic and federal system of government exists under law to preserve and protect all Australians in an equal dignity which may never be infringed by prejudice or fashion or ideology nor invoked against achievement. I am proud to say that myself. I commend it to the Australian people and I commend it to the future of our great country.

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earth

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Industrialised agriculture and aquaculture and forestry based on the destruction of our ancient trees are destroying our planet forever. I am sad because the people of Australia recognise these problems. We want to stop this dangerous trend. We want our children and our children's children to inherit the Earth we were privileged to know so long ago. But I am also angry, very angry, that you—the Members of this House, who represent the people of Australia—will not listen to us. Instead, you make the laws easier so that we can be locked up or heavily fined when we protest about the need for justice and the need to save what remains of this beautiful country. You pass legislation that is responsible for the poor to become poorer. You allow health facilities, education and employment to be almost beyond our reach. And you smother our voices and our avenues of protest. Please reconsider your actions and think again. Stuart Reid, our most recent electorate officer and very hard worker, says: With only a minute I'll leave out silverchair's Anthem for the 21st Century and instead reflect on two popular culture references from my generation which vividly contrast alternate visions of our possible futures. On the one hand—from Led Zeppelin—a vision of a future in which people and communities take control of their lives and participate fully in the political life of their society: It's whispered that soon If we all call the tune, Then the piper will lead us to reason. And a new day will dawn For those who stand long And the forests will echo with laughter. And on the other hand—from King Crimson—a future in which more and more people are disenfranchised and alienated from the political process, where the distance between the haves and have nots becomes ever more stark: Blood racked barbed wire Politicians' funeral pyre Innocents raped with napalm fire Twenty first century schizoid man Death seeds blind mans' greed Poets' starving children bleed Nothing he's got, he really needs Twenty first century schizoid man I am very much afraid that the latter is where we are headed. . . , but, in the long run, there is still time to change the road you're on. Many people will know Amanda Bohnen and the work she has done for us in managing our office and her quiet professionalism—and I am very proud of the confidence that she has shown in the work which she has done. Amanda says: If there's one thing I've learned whilst working for Dee it is this: If Australians knew the tireless, devoted hours Senators put into their work, they would be much slower to criticise. If Australians appreciated the ever-increasing complexity of a Senator's workload, they would be far less demanding. And if Australians recognised that Senators are not despots, but people entrusted with a special responsibility that they're trying devotedly, for the most part, to fulfil, they might show greater understanding. An ounce of patience and encouragement and forgiveness can and does go a long way in this political hothouse. I've seen it, on brief occasions, do remarkable things and I want to thank all those people who have shown these qualities towards Dee. I would like to think that Australians will rise to the occasion and show a bit more of these qualities to those who come to follow. In the long run it will be for the benefit of us all. Many people will know the wonderful work that Liz Peak has done as my economics adviser. Liz started as a parliamentary intern and I spent years working out a spot where Liz could join us as a permanent staff member and she has been fantastic. Liz says: Initially, I wanted to leave a message for parliamentarians—a message to listen to the community, and care what they think, and imagine what the impacts of decisions might be, and realise how privileged you are to be here. I also wanted to leave a message of idealism that expressed my passion for equity, justice, the environment and community participation.

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I don't want to see any further services, government services levels withdrawn from or taken away from the bush. This statement might have been just a little more plausible had it not come only days after the closure of the cashier services at the Albury-Wodonga offices of the Australian Taxation Office, at the Townsville office of the Australian Taxation Office and at other regional as well as metropolitan offices on 1 January. So we can see from this decision that the Howard government is not in the slightest serious about development in Albury-Wodonga, notwithstanding the title of this bill, just as it is not serious about regional development in other parts of Australia, such as Townsville. The Prime Minister's attitude to rural and regional government services is reminiscent of the carpenter in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass . Honourable members might recall the walrus and the carpenter inviting the oysters to a picnic and in fact eating the oysters at that picnic. The last couple of verses go: “I weep for you,” the Walrus said. “I deeply sympathise.” With sobs and tears he sorted out Those of the largest size. Holding his pocket handkerchief Before his streaming eyes. “O Oysters,” said the Carpenter. “You've had a pleasant run! “Shall we be trotting home again?” But answer came there none - And that was scarcely odd, because They'd eaten every one. The Prime Minister's statement that he does not want to see any further government services withdrawn represents—just as the poem represents—crocodile tears, because we have seen some 38,000 Commonwealth Public Service jobs withdrawn from New South Wales during the term of this government as part of some 105,000 jobs being withdrawn nationally from the Commonwealth Public Service. On rural and government services, Prime Minister, you are a little bit late. If the tax office closes its cashier services at places like Albury-Wodonga and Townsville and other places, where are these jobs going? The day before yesterday I received a response from the Treasurer to a question on notice. One aspect of my question on notice concerned changes to the number of staff in the tax office in the various states over the last few years. For example, tax office staff in Victoria have gone down from 4,100 to 3,100 in the space of two years, a drop of 1,000 officers, or some 25 per cent. In New South Wales the drop is even more substantial: from 4,800 to 3,300, a drop of 1,500 staff, or down 31 per cent. Similarly, in Queensland, some 680 staff, or 26 per cent of that state's tax office staff, have been lost. In South Australia there has been a drop of over 30 per cent. In Tasmania there was a drop of 12 per cent. There is just one place where the taxation staff have increased, and that is the ACT where 1,300 staff have been added to tax office numbers, a dramatic increase of some 45 per cent. What that amounts to is sucking staff into the GST policy making vortex. That process of sucking tax office staff away from the regional areas into the vortex has gathered even more momentum since the date from which those figures that were provided to me by the Treasurer apply, that is, 31 August last year. Since November, we have seen 1,900 staff recruited by the tax office for GST work. Of those, some 1,000 come from internal positions; that is, from the small business section and from the individual non-business section. Those areas have provided some 1,000 officers for the GST part of the tax office, and those positions have not been backfilled. As a result, tax office energies have been directed towards the GST to the detriment of that regional presence and the other responsibilities that we would all expect of the tax office.

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—As I said, it gets its name because it was the second landing spot of Captain Cook on the Australian coast, and the Queensland government of the day decided that it would be good to call it 1770. It is the birthplace of Queensland—that is the tourist line we use—and the 1770 Festival is held every year to celebrate the first European landing in Queensland by Captain James Cook on 23 May 1770. The festival has been held for the past eight years and is staged on the foreshore of Round Hill Creek. It not only is a celebration for the locals; also it promotes the area as a marvellous tourist destination. It is supported by regional tourism organisations in both Bundaberg and Gladstone, and is listed on the Calendar of Special Events with Tourism Queensland. The festival attendance increases every year, and the organising committee should be commended for the vast array of entertainment they attract. Their efforts are especially good when you consider that they receive no government funding. The festival is funded through sponsorship from Ergon Energy, one of our electricity companies, and supported by local and regional businesses. Entertainment includes such things as a street parade, which improves every year; a puppet show; tae kwon do; clowns; drum corps; marching girls; youth choirs; bush poetry; fireworks and jazz music. There is also a special re-enactment every year, and this year it was delivered by Rosedale High School grade 11 and 12 students. And there was a flyover by the RAAF Roulettes. It is quite a thing for a little bush community in coastal Queensland to have the Roulettes put on a full display as part of their festival. The highlight is the traditional tribal dancing performance by the Gooreng Gooreng Aboriginal Dancers. I must say I had a very enjoyable day at the festival. I was impressed with the entertainment, the quality of presentation and the professionalism in the way it was put together. Miriam Vale Shire is the fastest growing shire in Queensland, and with events like the 1770 Festival it showcases the national parks and the pristine white beaches. It is the closest jumping off point to the Barrier Reef after Cairns, and it is easy to see why it is so popular. In the few minutes remaining I would like to just touch on something that goes to the very core of our being here, and that is trying to have a better deal for regional and rural Australia. We tend to think that all the remoteness in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria is to the west of the Great Divide, but on the east of the Great Divide and on the east of the Bruce Highway is an area which 40 years on, having had governments of all political colours—I am not laying blame to one side or the other—has no television. When I mentioned it to one of the senior ministers he looked at me equally as quizzically as the Deputy Speaker did earlier in my address and said, `Surely, there must be some television.' Other than a little transmitter in the township of Miriam Vale that might cover 200 or 300 houses, there is no television. Not only that but in an area that is remote, in the sense of being not close to medical and other safety facilities, there is no mobile telephony. So I use the second part of this address tonight to call for a better deal for areas like that. All of the remoteness is not in inland Australia; there are remote parts of Australia even on the coast, even to the east of the Bruce and Pacific highways. I would hope that a community that can put things like this together would receive commensurate support from government and from parties of all colours.

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barrier reef

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—As I said, it gets its name because it was the second landing spot of Captain Cook on the Australian coast, and the Queensland government of the day decided that it would be good to call it 1770. It is the birthplace of Queensland—that is the tourist line we use—and the 1770 Festival is held every year to celebrate the first European landing in Queensland by Captain James Cook on 23 May 1770. The festival has been held for the past eight years and is staged on the foreshore of Round Hill Creek. It not only is a celebration for the locals; also it promotes the area as a marvellous tourist destination. It is supported by regional tourism organisations in both Bundaberg and Gladstone, and is listed on the Calendar of Special Events with Tourism Queensland. The festival attendance increases every year, and the organising committee should be commended for the vast array of entertainment they attract. Their efforts are especially good when you consider that they receive no government funding. The festival is funded through sponsorship from Ergon Energy, one of our electricity companies, and supported by local and regional businesses. Entertainment includes such things as a street parade, which improves every year; a puppet show; tae kwon do; clowns; drum corps; marching girls; youth choirs; bush poetry; fireworks and jazz music. There is also a special re-enactment every year, and this year it was delivered by Rosedale High School grade 11 and 12 students. And there was a flyover by the RAAF Roulettes. It is quite a thing for a little bush community in coastal Queensland to have the Roulettes put on a full display as part of their festival. The highlight is the traditional tribal dancing performance by the Gooreng Gooreng Aboriginal Dancers. I must say I had a very enjoyable day at the festival. I was impressed with the entertainment, the quality of presentation and the professionalism in the way it was put together. Miriam Vale Shire is the fastest growing shire in Queensland, and with events like the 1770 Festival it showcases the national parks and the pristine white beaches. It is the closest jumping off point to the Barrier Reef after Cairns, and it is easy to see why it is so popular. In the few minutes remaining I would like to just touch on something that goes to the very core of our being here, and that is trying to have a better deal for regional and rural Australia. We tend to think that all the remoteness in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria is to the west of the Great Divide, but on the east of the Great Divide and on the east of the Bruce Highway is an area which 40 years on, having had governments of all political colours—I am not laying blame to one side or the other—has no television. When I mentioned it to one of the senior ministers he looked at me equally as quizzically as the Deputy Speaker did earlier in my address and said, `Surely, there must be some television.' Other than a little transmitter in the township of Miriam Vale that might cover 200 or 300 houses, there is no television. Not only that but in an area that is remote, in the sense of being not close to medical and other safety facilities, there is no mobile telephony. So I use the second part of this address tonight to call for a better deal for areas like that. All of the remoteness is not in inland Australia; there are remote parts of Australia even on the coast, even to the east of the Bruce and Pacific highways. I would hope that a community that can put things like this together would receive commensurate support from government and from parties of all colours.

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A corridor of land has been set aside for the last 30 years, part of the old 1948 plan for Sydney overall. The long-term need for an express road has been there for some time. The link road will join the Wollongong-Loftus expressway with the newly completed Eastern Distributor. It is ironic that $100 million has been spent on the Eastern Distributor, with benefits negated by bottlenecks down the road. The people of the Sutherland shire deserve to know what Labor's solution is to worsening traffic in the Sydney southern region. What we have got is not just frustrating but downright dangerous, particularly in wet weather. The Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales conduct regular travel time surveys in the Sydney metropolitan area. The NRMA's letter highlighted local traffic problems shown up in the RTA's 1997 survey, which indicated some congested sections of road in the Sutherland shire. In the morning peak times, these included the Princes Highway and Port Hacking Road intersection, Sylvania, and Acacia Road, Kirrawee. In the evening peak, congested sections included Acacia Road, Kirrawee, and Taren Point Road. The RTA's most recent travel time survey of October 1999 is an indictment of the state government's contempt for the people of southern Sydney. The state Labor government's focus on the west is clearly at the expense of southern Sydney. From the 1999 survey, data is available indicating various roads and their mean travel times at different times of the day—morning and afternoon peak periods as well as off-peak times. The RTA's Traffic Technology Branch feels that travel which is restricted to 25 kilometres per hour or less in both directions is too slow and needs to be addressed. I point out that 25 kilometres is a very low benchmark. At the northern end of the proposed link road in the member for Barton's electorate, the Grand Parade resembles a parking lot in peak times, particularly in the morning when, according to the official statistics, the average speed is eight kilometres an hour. Some people are abandoning the Grand Parade for other rat runs in sheer desperation at the situation. Unlike in Robert Frost's poem, taking the road less travelled does not make all the difference, as eventually everyone is funnelled through to the airport tunnel and onto the Eastern Distributor. People sitting on the Grand Parade contemplating the road not taken will be more familiar with Frost's imagining `somewhere ages and ages hence'. Further south on Taren Point Road in my electorate, driving between the Kingsway and the Boulevarde, traffic is bad in both directions—between 18 kilometres and 23 kilometres an hour in morning peak times. In the afternoon this improves marginally to between 21 kilometres an hour and 26 kilometres an hour. Other sections of this road hover around the low RTA benchmark. From my home in Cronulla, it often takes an eternity to reach the Princes Highway in the west of my electorate or major intersecting roads, with sections of the Kingsway hovering around the RTA benchmark region also. Even driving along the Princes Highway from Bay Street to President Avenue and vice versa, speeds are 23 kilometres an hour and 25 kilometres an hour respectively and 20 kilometres an hour and 26 kilometres an hour in the afternoon peak. Off-peak periods are no more enjoyable, with speeds of 24 kilometres an hour and 30 kilometres an hour, depending on the direction being travelled. Therefore, recognising the need for a solution, the F6 link road proposal should receive urgent attention. Tackling this issue would be a better way of spending transport finances in the area. A link road would provide a traffic cure in the long term. Addressing individual intersections seems to be focusing on the symptoms. The NRMA suggests the study could address the projected level of traffic usage, the estimated travel time saving and reduced traffic congestion as a result of the road's construction, the cost/benefit of the road, the priority of the road as compared with other roads yet to be constructed in Sydney from a cost/benefit perspective, the benefit of the road in encouraging local land use development, the potential environmental impacts of a surface route versus an underground option and the combination of the two and the value of building the road compared to small scale improvements to the existing road network.

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hinkler

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—In a fortnight significant for its tragic events—the sad departure of our colleague, Greg Wilton, the death of our greatest poet, Judith Wright, and the unspeakable events surrounding the Childers backpacker fire—another equally profound event has touched the people of the Gladstone district in my electorate of Hinkler, and that was the untimely death of Reginald Gabriel Tanna—Reg Tanna, as he was known to his friends—CEO of the Gladstone Port Authority. It is hard to describe the shock and dismay that this caused to those who loved and admired him so widely in the Gladstone community, to say nothing of his loving family. I had the privilege of knowing Reg Tanna, first at school at the Christian Brothers in Warwick where he was some years ahead of me, and then the privilege was renewed some years later as Gladstone's local member. He was the son of Malek and Mary Tanna and brother to seven children, five of whom survive him. They were a hardworking family in the very best traditions of the Lebanese and Australian ethic, establishing their Warwick fruit and vegetable business in the days of the Depression. Reg excelled at primary school and the brothers recommended that he be sent to Nudgee College in Brisbane, where he emerged as dux in 1951. Other academic successes followed and he graduated with honours in civil engineering at Queensland University in 1955. Reg never forgot the sacrifice his family made and nothing gave him greater pleasure than to renew family contacts, as I readily remember when the Gladstone coal facility was named the R.G. Tanna Coal Terminal in his honour in 1994. I remember the thrill of some of his family being there on that day. Reg was CEO of the Gladstone Harbour Board and Port Authority for 34 years. It would not be an exaggeration to say that he grew up with the port authority and it developed under his able and highly focused vision. The wider development of Gladstone, now the powerhouse of central Queensland industry, was dependent on an efficient port and the ever changing and increasing demands made it necessary that this port moved with the times. Reg Tanna was equal to that challenge, and it is now Australia's fastest growing port.

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leeds

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To me—and I was never a great cricketer—that underscored what life was about in those times, and no doubt what it is like for my son who is the same age as I was at that time—11. I look out the front of my house and watch my son playing cricket with his mates in the driveway and over in next door's driveway, emulating the feats of the great cricketers. I am sure you recall, Mr Deputy Speaker, going out in the local paddock, naming yourself Rohan Kanhai or someone and saying, `I'm Rohan Kanhai for today' or `I'm Donald Bradman for today' and of course making no runs, getting no wickets, but having a great time. The inspiration that Sir Donald gave to those generations of young Australians—to go out and swing the bat, bowl the ball and roll the arm over—is something which we should be very proud of. His family should know that Sir Donald was the inspiration behind many of these games. They did not have to be at the MCG or the SCG, at Lords or at the oval. They could have been down in 21st Street, Narrabundah, or in some gully at Murrumbateman or in the ovals around Darwin or Katherine—young people playing the game, emulating the great Sir Don. One of the best tributes to Sir Donald Bradman—and I know there are a number of poems about Sir Donald—is in the form of a song by Paul Kelly on his album Hidden things . It is just entitled Bradman . I approached a couple of my colleagues today. I am not sure what the standing orders say about members speaking simultaneously, but I did suggest that a few of us should get together and at least try and sing this song to the House. I did not get many positive responses. I will not regale the House with my own voice, at least in terms of its musical qualities, but I do want to read some verses of this song. I will not start from the beginning. I will start about two-thirds of the way through, just to give members a flavour of this great poetry from Paul Kelly and his dedication to a great Australian—a dedication which I think reflects adequately and appropriately the importance of this great man to the Australian sporting ethos and, in particular, his role and the size of his legend, if you like, in terms of cricket. I quote: England 1930 and the seed burst into flower. All of Jackson's grace failed him It was Bradman was the power. He murdered them in Yorkshire, he danced for them in Kent He laughed at them in Leicestershire, Leeds was an event. 300 runs he took and re wrote all books That really knocked those gents The critics could not comprehend this nonchalant phenomenon Why this man is a machine they said, even his friends say he isn't human. Even friends have to cut something. He was more than just a batsman, he was something like a tide More than just one man, he was half the side Fathers took their sons 'cause fortune used to hide In the palm of his hand. Summer 1932 and captain Douglas had a plan When Larwood bowled to Bradman it was more than man to man And staid Adelaide nearly boiled over As rage ruled over sense. When Oldfield hit the ground, they nearly jumped the fence. Now Bill Woodfull was as fine a man as ever went to wicket And the bruises on his body that day showed that he could stick it But to this day he still quoted and only he can wear it There are two sides out there today and only one of them is playing cricket. He was longer than a memory, bigger than a town His feet they used to sparkle, and he always kept them on the ground Fathers took their sons, who never lost the sound Of the roar of the grandstand. Now shadows grow longer and there's so much more yet to be told But we're not getting any younger so let the part tell the whole Now the players all wear colours The circus is in town I can no longer go down there, down to that sacred ground. He was more than just a batsman, he was something like a tide More than just one man, he was half the bloody side Fathers took their sons 'cause fortune used to hide In the palm of his hand.

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I should pay tribute to Senator Bolkus. He has a program to ensure that the great beauty of this country is preserved. Talking about the Great Ocean Road, I have a very big interest in the Otways, in ensuring that they are saved in their present beauty so that they can be appreciated and go towards uplifting the heart and soul and spirit of people. That is very important, and we sometimes forget that in this chamber. You, Mr Acting Deputy President, are very skilled in the economic field. I have heard you on many occasions explain what to me are very esoteric points in that area. But, even though you have that ability, it does not mean that you lack that soul which appreciates these great areas of beauty and these great things that we are very proud of as Australians and which we want to preserve. But there are people who sail ships into places like the Great Barrier Reef and put them at risk. I note that the second reading speech on this bill says: Last year, a Malaysian-registered vessel ... ran aground on the Great Barrier Reef. The accident was caused by negligence on the part of the operators of the vessel. Damage to the Reef—while significant—was fortunately restricted to an area of approximately 100 x 300 metres— which is of course too much. The second reading speech goes on: Through a combination of good luck and an effective response from management agencies, an ecological disaster was averted. We cannot rely on good luck to preserve the great heritage we have in this country. We have great beauty in Australia and we also have people who are able to express great beauty. If you look at the paintings of Mary Hammond and Rick Amor—you will know what I mean. They are two great Australian artists, both fortunate to be residents in Victoria. They are able to depict with great insight what Australia is all about. There are also great Australian poets, like Bruce Dawe, who comes from Senator McLucas's state. He is a great Queenslander. No doubt, Senator McLucas, who is following me in this debate, will acknowledge the great contribution Bruce Dawe has made to the spirit of Australia. I have gathered all those things together because we are looking at how we want to live our lives, what we want to aspire to, how we want to see ourselves as Australians and what we want to do about protecting that vision we have of ourselves. The Great Barrier Reef is one of the great symbols of all those things. Accordingly, it is necessary that it be preserved. I think Senator Bartlett spoke about the pressure that tourism places upon the reef. Clearly, it would be nonsense simply to let the reef remain alone and isolated, without people visiting it and enjoying its greatness. But the management whereby we can ensure that people are able to go and have a look at the reef and yet keep it pristine, and are able to go and look at other places such as Uluru and Kakadu—places in Australia that just roll off the tongue—is absolutely essential and must be got right, otherwise we will lose a lot. So the way in which we go to these places is important to regulate, and this bill does that. The bill has the support of people across the chamber. I think that is a very good thing and it shows that on issues such as this there can be agreement.

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2,136 Solo CD Glen (Kutcha) Edwards 15,000 Venice Biennale - Project Management Global Art Projects Pty Ltd (GAP) 324,920 BAM Next Wave Festival - Paul Grabowsky to attend New York launch 18 April 2001 Grabsound Pty Ltd 6,241 `Strike3' exploration of context, action and internal dialogue Development stage only Helen Herbertson 8,546 Six-month residency at the B R Whiting Library, Rome, 2001 Hugh Tolhurst 14,000 Cross disciplinary collaboration between two visual artists & a writer to create new work & a publication J Davila/ C Zikos/ N Papastergiadis 20,000 Non-fiction Janine Burke 50,000 2001 activities Keene Taylor Theatre Project 125,000 Stage 3 - final development of `Pervert' culminating in a presentation at the Hi Fi Bar and Ballroom Louise Taube 50,000 The grant is to compose score, develop software, and produce pre-recorded materials for the music and sound component of the Magic Bike Project —a mobile, fully self-contained, pedal-powered sound sculpture designed to energise public domains.” Magic Bike Group 5,000 Project Manager (Applicant) Amount ($) Magic Bike - creative development Magic Bike Group 24,256 Pianist Andrea Lam to work with Markus Stenz and perform with the MSO Melbourne Symphony Orchestra 10,000 Increase Component of Base Grant for 2001 Melbourne Symphony Orchestra 4,831,481 Base Grant 2001 - As Part of Triennial Agreement 2001-2003 Melbourne Theatre Company 293,553 The Melbourne Youth Music Council Inc received $10,000 as a contribution to professional fees for 2001 activities, to include a series of six concerts. Melbourne Youth Music Council Inc 10,000 Poetry Michael Farrell 15,000 The grant is for the recording of a mastertape of contemporary solo works for the recorder, performed by Natasha Anderson. The material will consist of the first recording of a number of Australian works and a commissioned work from Europe. All works are considered seminal 20th recorder works Natasha Anderson 4,000 Triennial Grant 2001 - 2003 National Exhibitions Touring Support (VIC) 183,000 A visual artist, a theatre writer/director, a musician and a digital artist will work with foster care children in regional and metropolitan Victoria through workshops leading to multi arts performances and exhibitions in June 2002 Oz Child Children Australia Inc 49,000 Playbox Theatre Company Seed Funding for Development Staff Playbox Theatre Company Limited 109,000 Increase Component of Base Grant for 2001 Playbox Theatre Company Limited 237,666 Base Grant 2001 - As Part of Triennial Agreement 2001-2003 Playbox Theatre Company Limited 410,326 Three new solo works - Final stage development and production Roslyn Warby 30,930 Create/exhibit series of paintings & objects. Gallery 360 degrees, Tokyo, Japan Rosslynd Piggott 20,000 SBS Centenary of Federation Art Award 2001 Federation Square SBS Melbourne 10,000 A two-year Fellowship from June 2001 to create new works and arrangements; collaborate with composers, Nigel Westlake and William Lovelady; and workshop, perform and record new works. Raised in Australia, the classical guitarist has performed in concerts and festivals across Europe Slava Grigoryan 80,000 Development of best practice models for the professional development emerging artists from within the company and the community that it serves. Continuation of the work the company does in prisons and in the broader community including the establishment of an arm of the company in Albury/Wodonga Somebody's Daughter Theatre Inc 285,000 Annual Program of activities Songlines Music Aboriginal Corporation 48,000 Increase Component of Base Grant for 2001

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C tasman sea

Placename

tasman sea

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Other

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I would like to turn to another area of the minister's responsibility highlighted in the second reading amendment that I have referred to and that is the issue of maritime security. You actually need to have security for all modes of transport in this country. If we are to have the confidence of the travelling public and the community in general we need a comprehensive transport security package. I have raised the issue of maritime security and defence in this House before and I will continue to do so until the minister takes action. As I have said before in this House, it is interesting that, at a time when tightening up port security is the focus of the IMO and shipping nations around the world, we continue to offer unfettered access to our coasts and ports. When countries around the world are trying to find out who is on their coast and what they are up to, we do not seem to care. Between March 1996 and 30 April 1999, 263 deserters from foreign ships were reported by the Australian Customs Service—148 were located. These missing people are the ones we know about but, with the open slather visa arrangements granted to foreign ships, there could be tens, hundreds or thousands more. How do we know? We do not know because the minister makes no effort to find out who is working on our coast. As the government continues to grant unlimited access to the coastal trade, the management of large numbers of foreign seafarers operating semipermanently on the Australian coast will become a nightmare. We have no idea who is there, we have no idea where they are going and we have no idea how many actually stay. It seriously compromises our border security, and it also compromises our coastal environment. In November we saw five separate extremely serious incidents involving flag of convenience vessels. On 15 November, the Hanjin Pennsylvania , a brand new container ship travelling under a Liberian flag exploded and burnt off Colombo with one fatality. On 18 November, the Prestige , a 26-year-old oil tanker travelling under a Bahamian flag sank off the northern Spanish coast resulting in an oil slick estimated to be twice the size of the slick from the Exxon Valdez . On 24 November, the Gaz Poem , a 26-year-old LPG carrier travelling under a Panamanian flag was burning out of control off Hong Kong. On 24 November, the Tasman Sea , a 22-year-old oil tanker travelling under a Maltese flag was involved in a collision off China, resulting in an oil slick. That ship was in Australian waters in May last year. On 26 November, the Hual Europe , a two-year-old car carrier travelling under a Bahamian flag was burning out of control after running aground near Tokyo. That ship was actually in Australian waters in September. It went to Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne—near your home town, Mr Deputy Speaker Jenkins. This ship wandered around our coast—but that is okay; we don't need to worry about it! This roll call of disaster signals a dire warning about the Howard government's liberal issue of single and continuous voyage permits to FOC vessels, allowing them in on our coastal trade. We believe on this side of the House that we need a world-class Australian shipping industry, not cheaper shipping costs at the expense of our environment and security. This position is a reasonable view to be held by a nation that has the fifth largest maritime task in the world and a coastline of some 37,000 kilometres. But it is not a view held or respected by the minister. Instead, we get some very interesting comments from the minister, such as those that came out today from the minister or the minister's spokesperson in an interview with Lloyd's List DCN . They suggested that the opposition's stance on flag of convenience vessels—the particularly solid stance we have about protecting our coast, our environment and our jobs—is a `racist view' on international shipping. The opposition apparently has a racist view on international shipping. That is the best this minister can come up with. It would be laughable if it were not so serious.

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C bahaman

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bahaman

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Other

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—I rise today to speak on the Maritime Legislation Amendment Bill 2002 . I support the measures within this bill, and I support the comments of the member for Corangamite on the work of the committee, including his favourable comments about Peter Morris and his role. I too have had long conversations with Peter Morris about the need to ensure that safety standards throughout the world, not just in Australia, are brought up to and kept at a high level. However, I am more critical of what has been left out of the bill, which underlines the Howard government's poor approach to shipping policy, particularly the increased risk posed by the flags of convenience ships. These ships are in poor condition. They have inadequately trained crews, often from Third World countries, and they expose Australia to the risk of maritime and environmental disaster. Oil spills can have a devastating effect on the environment and can inflict a crippling blow on the local economy. I have shared the concerns expressed by my colleagues the shadow minister for transport and member for Batman and the member for Bass about the recent spate of international maritime incidents involving flags of convenience vessels that have traded on the Australian coastline. These incidents should have alerted the Howard government to the continual threat that flags of convenience ships bring to Australian waters. In an ideal world all ships would have the standards of the Australian fleet, but we are not in an ideal world and many of the flags of convenience ships—as has been pointed out by members on both sides of the House—are second-rate and inadequate. We have only to cast our minds back to late last year to see the number of extremely serious incidents involving flags of convenience ships, some of which have been mentioned by members on both sides of the House. On 26 November, Hual Europe , a two-year old car carrier travelling under a Bahaman flag, burned out of control after running aground near Tokyo. This ship was in Australian waters in September 2002 in the ports of Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. On 24 November 2002, Tasman Sea , a 22-year-old oil tanker travelling under a Maltese flag, was involved in a collision off China that resulted in an oil slick. This ship was last in Australian waters in May 2001. On 24 November, the Gaz Poem , a 26-year-old LPG carrier travelling under a Panamanian flag, was burning out of control off Hong Kong. Last but in no way least, on 18 November 2002, Prestige , a 26-year-old oil tanker travelling under a Bahaman flag, sank off the northern Spanish coast, which resulted in an oil slick estimated to be twice the size of the oil slick caused when the Exxon Valdez sank. We all remember the dreadful marine and environmental damage caused by the Exxon Valdez . Ships sailing under flags of convenience do not have to maintain the same degree of safety standards or abide by the same regulations as Australian ships. This is not only inherently inequitable but it is also particularly worrying for my constituency. My electorate of Stirling is lucky enough to contain the pristine beaches of Scarborough and Trigg which, in my experience, are the finest beaches in Australia—a fact that I and my constituents are very proud of—and we take great enjoyment when we spend time relaxing at the beach. This is why I am shocked and disturbed by the fact that the Howard government has not taken more proactive steps to reduce the number of flags of convenience ships entering Australian waters and to ban from our coast single-hulled vessels like the Prestige. As the member for Corangamite has just pointed out, oil carried in single-hulled ships poses a risk to marine and coastal environments. We must move to a worldwide situation where oil is carried only in double-hulled vessels. Australia can lead the world and can apply pressure, especially through our work at the international level, to ensure this happens.

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C baghdad

Placename

baghdad

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Other

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The first obligation of this government is to protect the Australian people and secure their safety. This is what this decision is about. On 11 September 2001, the world realised for the first time that international terrorism has both the will and the capacity to cause the death of thousands of people at a single blow. A new evil entered the world—an evil opposed to the values of human dignity and respect for each individual person that are the foundations of our Western democratic institutions; an evil determined to assault our civilisation at its heart. In Bali, this evil force moved closer to home. In this context, the existence of rogue states developing horrific weapons of mass destruction assumed a new, even more threatening dimension, raising the prospect that such weapons might fall into the hands of terrorists or be given to terrorists as part of some satanic pact to destroy whole populations of innocent people. A terrorist armed with a weapon of mass destruction could create a day of horror in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth or another Australian city such as has never been seen before and such as Australians have never contemplated in the past. There are, we know, those who would argue that there is no evidence that such a thing could happen—that the terrorists of al-Qaeda and the rogue state of Saddam Hussein's Iraq are completely separate and distinct and have no connection, and therefore the present action is not connected with the war on terrorism. This flies in the face of all that Iraq is known to have done. In a book entitled Saddam , Con Coughlan says: ... an Iraqi government survey commissioned at the end of 2001 proclaimed Osama bin Laden as Iraq's Man of the Year 2001, an accolade awarded for his dedication in defying the United States and in championing Islam. Government-owned Iraqi television showed an Iraqi tribal chieftain reciting a poem he had written in celebration of the events of 11 September. To wait until a rogue state and international terrorism seal a partnership in a death pact is to put the Australian people at unacceptable and intolerable risk. It is time now to enforce the 1991 peace agreement and the resolutions of the United Nations up to and including resolution 1441. In addition to the United States, Great Britain and Australia, who have pre-positioned forces in an attempt to force a peaceful disarmament, many nations of the Middle East and Europe have provided bases and support—sometimes at considerable risk to themselves. The humanitarian and moral justification of the actions of the international coalition are very clear. This morning's Herald Sun reported the remarks of a young man who went to Baghdad as a human shield. He has now left Iraq, as many others in a similar situation have done, reporting that the Iraqi officials were `continually trying to manipulate where we could be'. On the way out of Iraq, he said, `I asked the driver what he really thought about a war. He said he didn't want war, but they wanted to get rid of Saddam Hussein and it was an opportunity for that to happen. In retrospect, I think we were being naive. We went into a country that was being run by a dictator.'

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C cologne

Placename

cologne

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06-Feb-02 $4,600.00 New Media Arts Board Kate Rhodes MELBOURNE Two-week residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography in Japan, December 2002. The residency was devised as a research and inquiry project into contemporary Japanese photography and new media arts practice. Ms Rhodes was mentored by Ms Michiko Kasahara, Curator at the TMMP. 06-Feb-02 $3,180.00 New Media Arts Board Kirsty Boyle CLIFTON HILL For travel to Aichi Prefecture in Japan to study under Shobei Tamaya, a ninth generation karakuri ningyo craftsman. The project developed the artist's skills to produce kakakuri robot dolls. A public exhibition/installation of the karakuri dolls made was presented. 06-Feb-02 $5,000.00 Dance Board Balletlab Association Inc CARLTON NORTH Development and presentation of the second stage of a trilogy of new works, titled `Self-Encasing'. Inspired by the Thomas Grunfield Exhibition `Deformation Professionnelle' (Cologne, 1999), this is a collaborative project and was performed in Melbourne by four dancers in June 2002. 13-Feb-02 $29,886.00 Theatre Board Sarah Cathcart ABBOTSFORD Sarah Cathcart to study and research choreography and physical forms in America and Belgium, conduct a laboratory with physical performers in Melbourne and to research material for a new solo work. 21-Feb-02 $80,000.00 Theatre Board Institute of Complex Entertainment BRUNSWICK `Teratology' is a multi-arts, site-specific, promenade performance work exploring the new frontiers of genetic science. Created by ICE, the same creative team behind the Green Room award-winning `Tower of Light', `Teratology' will be staged in the disused Preston and Northcote Community Hospital. 21-Feb-02 $59,800.00 Theatre Board Primary Source Inc Trading as Strange Fruit BRUNSWICK Internationally acclaimed physical theatre company Strange Fruit to tour their new production `The Spheres' to Europe, Singapore and Canada. `The Spheres', performed on large free standing poles, is a whimsical poetic outdoor spectacle taking us from the everyday to celestial wonder. 21-Feb-02 $48,988.00 Theatre Board Jodie (T/A Jodee) Mundy MELBOURNE To investigate the influence that sign language can have within the artforms of mime, voice, music and physical theatre, theatre maker Jodee Mundy attended an intensive training in corporal mime in London and attended the International Deaf Way Festival in July 2002 in Washington, USA. 21-Feb-02 $5,000.00 Theatre Board Kate Herbert BRUNSWICK Professional development for actor/director Kate Herbert to develop advanced skills in the process of creating full length improvised plays through attachments with four American improvisation companies (BATS Theatre, True Fiction Magazine, Three For All, LATS Theatre) from June to September 2002. 21-Feb-02 $7,000.00 Audience and Market Development Division Australian Children's Television Foundation FITZROY Australian Children's Television Foundation - 20th Anniversary Symposium - Assistance towards International Speakers. 22-Feb-02 $3,500.00 Audience and Market Development Division Sapphire Music Pty Ltd ST KILDA WEST Australian Exposure - Sapphire Music Pty Ltd. 08-Mar-02 $9,454.00 Community Cultural Development Board Kirk Robson FITZROY Placement with Shopfront Theatre for Young People and Big hART as assistant director and writer/facilitator. Return to Melbourne to establish The Crucible- International Centre for Social Action and the Arts. 11-Mar-02 $19,691.00 Community Cultural Development Board Next Wave Festival Inc MELBOURNE Sarah Bond will work with Ibijeri and Next Wave towards the development of five text-based works from young indigenous writers for KickstART 2003. 11-Mar-02 $20,000.00 Community Cultural Development Board Jesuit Social Services Ltd COLLING-WOOD The publication of a theoretical model of community cultural development articulating a range of professional practice considerations for artists working in the area. It will be based on longitudinal research based within the Artful Dodgers Studio. 11-Mar-02 $25,000.00 Theatre Board Melbourne Workers Theatre Incorporated

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C snowy river

Placename

snowy river

Type

Other

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RWMP - Carpathian Ex-Servicemen's Association Repairing + cleaning memorial Carpathian Ex-Servicemen's Assoc. Denison $3,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. LCAF - John Trethewey Present commemorative exhibitions John Trethewey Denison $3,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. Grant for John Trethewey to publish a diary 2000 Publish a diary John Trethewey Denison $2,500 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. Grant for Military Museum of Tas Inc to hold exhibition 2000 Exhibition Military Museum of Tasmania Inc Denison $6,300 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. Grant for Roger McNeice VC to publish a book 2000 Publish book McNeice, Roger V OAM Denison $1,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. LCAF - FESR Association Memorial service FESR Assoc. FESR Association Dickson $2,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. RWMP - Dayboro War Memorial Association Erect a memorial Dayboro War Memorial Association Dickson $6,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. Grant for Paul La Forest to publish poems 2000 Publish poems Paul La Forest Dobell $1,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. Grant for Delegate Progress Assoc to hold display 2000 Hold a display outlining the role by Delegate veterans in military conflicts Delegate Progress Association Eden-Monaro $3,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. Grant for Bega R+SLA sub branch to remove graffiti 2000 Remove graffiti Bega R&SLA Sub-branch Eden-Monaro $4,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. Grant for Wandella Hall Cttee to construct memorial 2000 Construct a new war memorial Wandella Hall Committee EdenMonaro $3,953 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. Grant for Snowy River R+SLA sub branch to restore memorial 2000 Restore the Snowy River RSL War Memorial Snowy River R&SLA Sub-branch Eden-Monaro $4,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. Grant for Batemans Bay R+SLA sub branch to publish a book 2000 Book Batemans Bay R&SLA Sub-branch Eden-Monaro $2,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. Grant for Batemans Bay R+SLA sub branch to relocate memorial 2000 Relocate memorial Batemans Bay R&SLA Sub-branch Eden-Monaro $1,000 Commemorative Activities Program (CAP) Enables the Minister to support commemorative activities or memorials that are of a regional significance. RWMP - 2/10 Field Regiment Association

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C darling river

Placename

darling river

Type

Other

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